What is the primary nursing intervention to prevent bacterial endocarditis?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The primary nursing intervention to prevent bacterial endocarditis is to counsel parents of high-risk children about prophylactic antibiotics. This is recommended by the American Heart Association for children with certain heart conditions before dental procedures that could introduce bacteria into the bloodstream. By providing education on the importance of prophylactic antibiotics, nurses can help prevent bacterial endocarditis by reducing the risk of bacterial infection associated with dental procedures in susceptible children. It is important to involve the parents in the decision-making process and ensure they understand the rationale behind the use of prophylactic antibiotics to protect their child's heart health.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Testicular self-examination is the best way to detect testicular cancer early. It involves checking the size, shape, and consistency of the testicles to identify any changes or abnormalities. By performing monthly self-exams, men become familiar with the normal feel and appearance of their testicles, making it easier to notice any unusual lumps or swelling that could indicate the presence of cancer. Early detection is crucial for successful treatment of testicular cancer, which is why regular self-exams are recommended, especially for men at higher risk, such as those with a family history of the disease or prior testicular cancer. Annual physician examinations and ultrasounds can also help in detecting testicular cancer, but self-exams are a simple and effective way for men to take an active role in their health and potentially detect any issues early on.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The most likely serum sodium (Na) value for this patient would be within the normal range which is typically between 135-145 mEq/L. A value of 155mEq/L would be considered hypernatremia, which is an elevated level of sodium in the blood, and is not a likely serum sodium value in this case. A level of 110mEq/L would be extremely low and indicate hyponatremia, while a level of 165mEq/L would be dangerously high and could indicate severe hypernatremia. Therefore, option B, 155mEq/L, falls within the normal range and is the most likely serum sodium value for this patient.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Circulatory overload is a condition where there is an excessive volume of fluid circulating in the bloodstream. Signs of circulatory overload include moist gurgling respirations, distended neck veins, dyspnea, and coughing. A weak, slow pulse would not be a typical sign of circulatory overload; in fact, it could indicate other conditions such as bradycardia or hypovolemia. Therefore, a weak, slow pulse would not likely occur as a sign of circulatory overload in this scenario.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The appropriate nursing diagnosis is Fluid volume deficit R/T uncontrolled vomiting. This diagnosis is the most specific and directly related to the issue of vomiting causing a loss of fluids, leading to a deficit in fluid volume. Uncontrolled vomiting can result in a significant loss of fluids and electrolytes, which can lead to dehydration. It is important to address the root cause of the fluid volume deficit, which in this case is the uncontrolled vomiting. The other options may not directly address the primary issue of fluid loss due to vomiting.