Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The primary goal of evidence-based practice (EBP) is to enhance clinical decision making by integrating the best available evidence with clinical expertise and patient values. While improving patient outcomes is a significant result of EBP, the ultimate aim is to ensure that healthcare decisions are based on the most current, relevant, and reliable evidence. While reducing healthcare costs and ensuring patient safety are important in healthcare, they are not the primary goals of evidence-based practice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Expertise.' Historically, professionalism was defined by one's knowledge and expertise in a particular field. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because early definitions of professionalism did not focus on qualities like empathy, ethical and moral values, or honesty, but rather on the individual's level of skill and competence in their area of work.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'All of the above.' Environmental factors encompass a wide range of influences on decision-making in nursing. Personal preferences can impact how a nurse chooses a course of action, ethical considerations guide decision-making based on moral principles, and the availability of resources determines the options that are feasible. Therefore, all of these factors play a significant role in influencing decision-making in nursing. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because each of them individually represents a specific environmental factor, whereas the correct answer D acknowledges that all of these factors collectively contribute to influencing decision-making.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Professional. The American Nurses Association (ANA) recommends shifting the focus in healthcare organizations from a technical model to a professional model. This change emphasizes the level of nurse competence required to provide quality care. Choice B, Industrial, is incorrect as it does not align with the focus on professionalism in nursing. Choice C, Random, is unrelated to the context of the question. Choice D, Organized, while a positive attribute, is not the specific focus recommended by the ANA for nursing in healthcare organizations.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'To oversee administrative tasks.' Nurse managers in healthcare settings are primarily responsible for managing the administrative aspects of a unit, ensuring smooth operations and efficiency. Choice A is incorrect because providing direct patient care is usually the responsibility of staff nurses, not nurse managers. Choice B is incorrect as managing healthcare facilities involves a broader scope of responsibilities beyond the role of a nurse manager. Choice D is also incorrect as conducting clinical research is typically not a primary responsibility of a nurse manager in a healthcare setting.