What is the primary characteristic of a secondary immune response?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The primary characteristic of a secondary immune response is that it is faster, stronger, and more specific. This is because memory cells generated during the primary response allow for a quicker and more efficient recognition and response to the same antigen upon re-exposure. This results in a faster production of antibodies, a stronger immune response, and increased specificity. Choice A is incorrect as secondary responses are actually faster and more specific. Choice C is incorrect as secondary responses can produce IgG antibodies in addition to IgM. Choice D is incorrect because memory cells are essential for secondary immune responses.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Plasma cells. Plasma cells are a type of white blood cell that produces antibodies in response to antigens. They are essential in the immune response to help fight off infections and other diseases. Helper T cells (A) assist other immune cells but do not directly produce antibodies. Cytotoxic T cells (C) are responsible for killing infected cells, not producing antibodies. Regulatory T cells (D) help regulate the immune response but do not produce antibodies. In summary, only plasma cells are specifically designed to produce antibodies in the immune system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (IgG and IgM) because in Type II hypersensitivity, antibodies target antigens on cell surfaces or tissues. IgG and IgM antibodies are involved in this type of immune response by binding to antigens and triggering cell destruction through complement activation or phagocytosis. IgE and IgA (choice A) are typically associated with Type I and Type III hypersensitivity, respectively. IgD (choice C) is primarily involved in B cell activation, while IgA (choice D) is more commonly associated with mucosal immunity.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Crohn's disease. Granulomas are a characteristic feature of Crohn's disease, forming in response to chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Granulomas consist of immune cells and are seen in the affected tissues of Crohn's patients. Choice B: Grave's disease is an autoimmune condition affecting the thyroid gland, not typically associated with granulomas. Choice C: Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction involving the immune system's response, but it does not lead to granuloma formation. Choice D: Eczema is a skin condition characterized by inflammation and itching, but it does not typically involve granulomas.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Exophthalmos and goiter. In Grave's disease, there is an overproduction of thyroid hormones leading to hyperthyroidism. Exophthalmos (bulging eyes) and goiter (enlarged thyroid gland) are classic clinical features due to autoimmune stimulation of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors. Pulmonary fibrosis (A) is not typically associated with Grave's disease. Skin vasculitis (C) and eczematous reaction (D) are also not commonly seen in Grave's disease.