ATI RN
Multiple Choice Questions on Muscular System Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is the position of the body when it is in the 'normal anatomical position?'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Normal anatomical position is standing, facing forward, arms at sides, palms forward, feet together standard for describing anatomy (missing from options, assumed 'd'). Prone is face-down, arms aside. Option b is arms out, wide stance incorrect. Supine is face-up. 'd' aligns with convention, per anatomical terms, making it correct.
Question 2 of 5
Which statement best represents skeletal muscle?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Skeletal muscle fibers are multinucleate, formed by myoblast fusion during development, hosting dozens of nuclei per cell for protein synthesis supporting contraction. Unlike cardiac muscle, which contracts rhythmically via an intrinsic pacemaker (sinoatrial node), skeletal muscle lacks automaticity, relying on somatic motor neuron signals for voluntary action. Rhythmic contractions occur in cardiac muscle, not skeletal, though skeletal can sustain rhythmic activity (e.g., shivering) if neurally driven, not self-initiated. Uninucleate cells typify smooth muscle, not skeletal. The 'or' phrasing suggests potential for rhythmicity or pacemaker presence, but skeletal muscle's defining trait is voluntary, multinucleate structure without inherent rhythmicity. Histology confirms its striated, multinucleate fibers, contrasting with cardiac's pacemaker-driven rhythm or smooth's uninucleate spontaneity. Physiology texts emphasize this dependency on external innervation, distinguishing skeletal muscle's control and structure in locomotion.
Question 3 of 5
The physician has prescribed isometric exercises for a patient. The patient asks the nurse how these exercises work. The nurse uses an example to explain the physiology of isometric exercises, which is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Isometric exercises involve muscle contraction without joint movement, building strength by maintaining tension against resistance. Flexing the lower arm while resisting with the other hand exemplifies this: the biceps contract but the elbow angle stays fixed, engaging muscle fibers statically. Pulling knees to the chest involves dynamic movement, not isometric principles. Forcefully flexing the neck to touch the chin implies motion, not static tension. Flexing toes upward while lying flat also involves joint movement, missing the isometric focus. The arm example clearly demonstrates how muscles work against an opposing force without changing position, aligning with the physiology of isometric training to enhance strength in a targeted, controlled way.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is changing the position of a person with flaccid paralysis. The priority action will be:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Flaccid paralysis causes muscle limpness, increasing the risk of joint stiffness or deformity from prolonged immobility. Changing joint position is the priority to prevent contractures and maintain alignment, using careful support to avoid strain. Not using a footboard might prevent footdrop in some cases, but it's secondary to overall joint care. Moving only side to side limits flexibility and risks pressure sores, ignoring full-body needs. Avoiding pillows dismisses a tool for support, which isn't the issue positioning is. Adjusting joints takes precedence, as it directly addresses the paralysis-related risk of fixed postures, ensuring long-term mobility and comfort.
Question 5 of 5
The industrial nurse examines an employee who states that his right shoulder hurts when he abducts it and points with one finger to the spot at the point of his shoulder that is painful. He mentions that he won a racquetball tournament yesterday. The nurse suspects the employee is suffering from:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pain on shoulder abduction, localized to the point of the shoulder after intense activity like racquetball, suggests bursitis inflammation of the subacromial bursa from overuse. This bursa cushions the rotator cuff, and repetitive overhead motions can irritate it, causing sharp pain during movement. A rotator cuff tear would likely limit strength and range more severely. Dislocation involves joint displacement, with visible deformity and acute trauma, not just post-game pain. Subluxation is partial dislocation, also unlikely without instability signs. Bursitis fits the acute, activity-triggered presentation, making it the nurse's likely suspicion, treatable with rest and anti-inflammatories.