What is the percentage of HBsAg-positive infants who will develop chronic hepatitis or chronic carrier state

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Approximately 90% of infants infected with hepatitis B at birth become chronic carriers due to an immature immune response, leading to prolonged viral persistence.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Approximately 90% of infants infected with hepatitis B at birth become chronic carriers due to an immature immune response, leading to prolonged viral persistence.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Expiratory grunting indicates difficulty in oxygenation and is often a compensatory mechanism in pneumonia, where alveolar collapse or consolidation reduces oxygen exchange.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Reduced efficacy is usually due to tachyphylaxis (diminished response), not true glucocorticoid resistance.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rubella is strongly associated with intracranial calcifications in affected infants. Other infections like cytomegalovirus and syphilis may also cause calcifications but are less characteristic.