What is the normal range of motion for plantar flexion of the ankle?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The normal range of motion for plantar flexion of the ankle is approximately 50 degrees. This range allows for actions like pointing the toes downward. A: 20 degrees is too limited for normal function. B: 30 degrees is also insufficient for full plantar flexion. D: 90 degrees would be excessive and beyond the normal range of motion for plantar flexion. Therefore, C is the correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: The median nerve. The carpal tunnel is a narrow passageway in the wrist where the median nerve and nine flexor tendons pass through. The median nerve is responsible for providing sensory and motor functions to the thumb, index, and middle fingers. The ulnar nerve passes outside the carpal tunnel and innervates the ring and little fingers. The radial nerve also does not pass through the carpal tunnel, as it supplies motor function to the muscles of the forearm. The five finger flexor tendons pass through the carpal tunnel along with the median nerve, but the question specifically asks for structures passing through, making C the correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Heberden's nodes are bony swellings that develop at the distal interphalangeal joints of the fingers, characteristic of osteoarthritis. The nodes result from osteophyte formation and joint degeneration seen in OA, especially in older individuals. In rheumatoid arthritis (choice A), joint inflammation is more symmetrical and involves the proximal interphalangeal joints. Psoriatic arthritis (choice B) typically presents with dactylitis and nail changes. Gout (choice D) manifests as acute arthritis due to urate crystal deposition, not bony nodules.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Intuition is the correct answer because it refers to the subconscious processing of assessment data by expert nurses. 2. Expert nurses rely on intuition to make quick and accurate decisions based on their experience and pattern recognition. 3. Intuition allows nurses to act without consciously labeling or analyzing the assessment data. 4. The nursing process (B) involves a systematic approach to care, not necessarily based on subconscious responses. 5. Clinical knowledge (C) is important but does not specifically refer to the subconscious pattern recognition seen in intuition. 6. Diagnostic reasoning (D) involves a more deliberate and analytical process compared to the quick, pattern-based responses of intuition. Summary: Intuition is the correct choice as it describes the subconscious response of expert nurses to assessment data. The other options, the nursing process, clinical knowledge, and diagnostic reasoning, do not specifically capture the automatic, pattern-based nature of expert nurse responses.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because teaching nurses how to conduct electronic searches for research studies empowers them to independently access relevant information efficiently. This approach promotes self-directed learning and increases the likelihood of incorporating evidence-based practice (EBP) into their daily routines. Forming a committee (A) may not address immediate needs, posting studies on bulletin boards (B) may not be practical or up-to-date, and visiting the library (C) may not be convenient or time-effective for all nurses.