ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Exam Questions And Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is the narrowing of the arteries due to the buildup of plaque, which can lead to heart attacks and strokes?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Coronary artery disease. This condition involves the narrowing of arteries supplying blood to the heart due to plaque buildup. Plaque can lead to blockages, causing heart attacks and strokes. Peripheral artery disease (B) affects arteries outside the heart. Aortic stenosis (C) is the narrowing of the aortic valve, not arteries. Mitral valve prolapse (D) is a condition affecting the mitral valve, not arteries. Therefore, A is the correct answer.
Question 2 of 5
Which condition is characterized by a chronic cough that produces mucus, often caused by long-term exposure to irritants?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Chronic bronchitis. Chronic bronchitis is characterized by a chronic cough that produces mucus due to long-term exposure to irritants, such as cigarette smoke or air pollution. This condition leads to inflammation and narrowing of the airways, resulting in excessive mucus production. Tuberculosis (B) is a bacterial infection causing symptoms like coughing up blood, while asthma (C) is characterized by wheezing and shortness of breath. Sinusitis (D) involves inflammation of the sinuses, leading to symptoms like facial pain and congestion.
Question 3 of 5
What condition is characterized by the inflammation of the pleura, causing sharp chest pain that worsens with breathing?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pleurisy. Pleurisy is characterized by inflammation of the pleura, the lining surrounding the lungs, causing sharp chest pain exacerbated by breathing. Pericarditis (B) is inflammation of the pericardium, the lining around the heart, not the pleura. Endocarditis (C) is inflammation of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves, not the pleura. Myocarditis (D) is inflammation of the heart muscle, not the pleura. Therefore, based on the symptoms described in the question, Pleurisy is the most appropriate diagnosis.
Question 4 of 5
What term describes a condition where a person experiences difficulty breathing when lying flat and requires multiple pillows to sleep comfortably?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Orthopnea refers to difficulty breathing when lying flat, relieved by sitting up. 2. Dyspnea is a general term for difficulty breathing, not specific to lying flat. 3. Tachypnea is rapid breathing, not related to difficulty breathing when lying flat. 4. Bradypnea is slow breathing, not related to difficulty breathing when lying flat. Thus, the correct answer is A (Orthopnea), as it specifically describes the condition of requiring multiple pillows to sleep comfortably due to difficulty breathing when lying flat.
Question 5 of 5
Which condition involves the body's immune system attacking the lungs and kidneys, causing severe respiratory and renal damage?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for A being correct: 1. Goodpasture syndrome is an autoimmune disease where the body produces antibodies against collagen in the lungs and kidneys. 2. Antibodies attack the basement membrane of the lungs and kidneys, leading to severe respiratory and renal damage. 3. Symptoms include coughing up blood, difficulty breathing, and kidney failure. 4. Treatment involves immunosuppressive therapy and plasma exchange to remove harmful antibodies. Summary: - B: Sarcoidosis involves granulomas in multiple organs but typically not lung-kidney damage. - C: Wegener's granulomatosis affects the respiratory tract and kidneys but involves inflammation, not antibodies against collagen. - D: Interstitial lung disease is a broad term for various lung conditions but doesn't specifically involve the immune system attacking lungs and kidneys.