What is the name of the change of state?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: solidification. Solidification is the process in which a substance changes from a liquid state to a solid state by losing heat energy. In this process, the particles slow down and come closer together, forming a solid structure. Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect: A: Condensation is the change of state from gas to liquid, not from liquid to solid. B: Evaporation is the change of state from liquid to gas, not from liquid to solid. C: Melting is the change of state from solid to liquid, not from liquid to solid. In summary, the process described in the question, changing from a liquid state to a solid state, is known as solidification, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: POMC is processed into various peptide hormones, including adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH is produced by the pituitary gland and stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol. This is why option A is correct. Growth hormone, thyroxin, and insulin are not derived from POMC, making options B, C, and D incorrect.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the superior mesenteric artery is located posterior to the neck of the pancreas and anterior to the uncinate process. This is anatomically accurate as the artery runs behind the neck of the pancreas and in front of the uncinate process. Choice A is incorrect as it places the artery inferior to the neck of the pancreas. Choice B is incorrect as it positions the artery in front of the neck of the pancreas and behind the uncinate process. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests the artery is above the neck of the pancreas and behind the uncinate process, which is not accurate in anatomical terms.

Correct Answer: a

Rationale: The correct answer is A because hormones and neurotransmitters do not require a synapse to communicate with other cells. Hormones are typically released into the bloodstream and travel throughout the body to target cells with specific receptors. Neurotransmitters, on the other hand, communicate across synapses between nerve cells. Choice B is correct as hormones only affect cells with specific receptors. Choice C is correct as hormones can indeed influence gene expression in target cells. Choice D is correct as G proteins and cAMP are common second messengers that help transmit the hormonal signal within the cell.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Islets of Langerhans are clusters of cells in the pancreas. Step 2: These cells secrete insulin to lower blood sugar levels and glucagon to raise blood sugar levels. Step 3: Therefore, choice B is correct as it accurately describes the function of the islets of Langerhans. Summary: Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as islets of Langerhans are not found in the adenohypophysis, do not secrete steroids, and do not secrete releasing hormones.