What is the most important characteristic of a sample?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Representativeness. This is because a sample must accurately reflect the characteristics of the population it represents to ensure the generalizability of the findings. Randomization (choice A) helps reduce bias, appropriate location (choice B) is irrelevant, and appropriate number (choice C) is important but not as crucial as representativeness for ensuring the validity of the sample.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Decreased vital capacity. As individuals age, their vital capacity decreases due to a combination of factors such as reduced lung elasticity, weaker respiratory muscles, and decreased lung compliance. This results in a reduced ability to take deep breaths and expel air efficiently. Shallow respirations in the absence of distress indicate a normal physiological change in this elderly client. A: Increased elastic recoil of the lungs is incorrect as aging leads to decreased lung elasticity. B: Increased number of functional capillaries in the alveoli is incorrect as capillary density in the lungs tends to decrease with age. C: Decreased residual volume is incorrect as residual volume typically increases with age due to reduced lung elasticity.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Avoid straining during bowel movement or bending at the waist. After cataract surgery, it's crucial to avoid straining to prevent increased intraocular pressure that can affect the healing process. Bending at the waist can also increase pressure in the eyes. The other choices are incorrect because A: Lifting objects weighing more than 5 lb can strain the eyes. B: Lying on your abdomen can also increase pressure in the eyes. C: Keeping rooms brightly lit is not specifically related to post-cataract surgery care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because knowing the client's current health promotion activities will provide insight into their proactive approach to health and potential risk factors. This information is crucial for planning care tailored to the client's current lifestyle and needs. Choices A, C, and D are less relevant for immediate care planning as general health over the last 10 years may not reflect the current status, family history may not directly impact the client's current health, and marital status is not as significant as the client's proactive health behaviors.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Crowd red blood cells. White blood cells (WBC) can crowd out red blood cells in conditions like leukemia, leading to anemia. This happens because the excess WBC takes up space in the bone marrow where red blood cells are produced, reducing their numbers. This directly contributes to anemia. Choice B is incorrect because WBC can indeed contribute to anemia by crowding out red blood cells. Choice C is incorrect as WBC do not utilize nutrients from other cells in a way that directly causes anemia. Choice D is incorrect as WBC typically have a normal life span and their impact on anemia is due to crowding out red blood cells rather than having a short life span.