What is the most effective treatment for cystic fibrosis?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The major objective of therapy in cystic fibrosis (CF) is to promote the removal of secretions from the lungs. Chest physiotherapy, which involves postural drainage, vibration, and percussion, has been the mainstay of treatment for CF patients. This technique helps loosen and clear mucus from the airways, reducing the risk of lung infections and improving respiratory function. Aerobic exercise is also effective in clearing the airways and is an essential part of the treatment plan for CF patients. While prophylactic antibiotics may be used for early signs of infection, they are not the most effective treatment for CF. Nebulized bronchodilators do not provide long-term benefits for CF patients. Heart-lung transplant may be considered for some CF patients, but it is not a suitable option for most individuals due to various limitations and availability issues. Therefore, the most effective treatment for cystic fibrosis is

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The Ortolani maneuver is a physical examination test specifically used to assess for hip instability in infants with suspected developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). This maneuver helps the healthcare provider determine if the femoral head can be gently relocated into the acetabulum, which can indicate the presence of hip dysplasia in newborns. Hip instability may be a sign of DDH, which is a condition where the hip joint has not developed properly. It is crucial to detect DDH early to prevent long-term complications such as hip dysplasia or dislocations.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Diaphoresis, which refers to excessive sweating, is a common clinical feature seen in a hypoglycemic reaction. Hypoglycemia occurs when the blood sugar level drops too low, leading to symptoms like sweating, shakiness, confusion, and rapid heartbeat. On the other hand, ketoacidosis is a serious complication of diabetes that occurs when there is a lack of insulin, causing high blood sugar levels and the body to break down fat for energy. Symptoms of ketoacidosis include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and fruity-smelling breath, but diaphoresis is not typically a prominent feature. Therefore, diaphoresis can help clinicians differentiate between hypoglycemic and ketoacidosis reactions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Acute glomerulonephritis is an inflammatory kidney disease that typically follows a streptococcal infection, such as strep throat or skin infection caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus. The infection triggers the body's immune response, leading to the deposition of immune complexes in the glomeruli of the kidneys. This results in inflammation, damage to the glomeruli, and impaired kidney function. Symptoms of acute glomerulonephritis may include hematuria (blood in the urine), proteinuria (protein in the urine), edema, hypertension, and decreased urine output. It is important to diagnose and manage acute glomerulonephritis promptly to prevent complications and promote recovery. Other answer choices do not accurately describe the typical etiology or presentation of acute glomerulonephritis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The best procedure to follow if a child swallows something poisonous is to telephone the local poison control center. The experts at the poison control center can provide immediate guidance on how to handle the situation based on the specific substance ingested and the child's age and weight. They will advise whether it is necessary to bring the child to the emergency room, induce vomiting, or take other appropriate actions. Providing milk to drink to induce vomiting is not recommended as it can lead to further complications. Identifying the substance the child swallowed is important, but the first step should be to contact the poison control center for immediate assistance.