Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Provide oxygen therapy. For a client with shortness of breath and a history of heart failure, oxygen therapy is the most effective intervention as it helps improve oxygenation and relieve respiratory distress. Administering diuretics may help manage fluid retention but does not directly address the breathing difficulty. Encouraging deep breathing may be beneficial for some respiratory conditions but may not be sufficient for a client with heart failure and shortness of breath. Applying oxygen therapy is similar to providing oxygen therapy and can help improve oxygen levels, but providing oxygen therapy is more specific and effective in this case.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct hand position for performing chest vibration is to spread the fingers. This allows for a larger surface area of contact with the chest, promoting effective transmission of vibrations to loosen chest secretions. Flattening the hands would reduce the effectiveness of the vibrations by limiting contact area. Cupping the hands creates a smaller contact area and may concentrate the pressure too much in one spot, potentially causing discomfort or injury. Therefore, spreading the fingers is the optimal hand position for chest vibration technique.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Objective. During a physical assessment, the nurse gathers data through observation and measurement, such as vital signs and physical appearance, which are objective and measurable. This type of data is based on facts rather than opinions or interpretations, making it reliable for assessing the client's health status. Patient-centered data (A) refers to information focused on the client's perspective, subjective data (B) is based on the client's symptoms or feelings, and unconfirmed data (C) lacks validation or evidence, making them unreliable for making clinical decisions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A (Every 24 hours) because TPN solutions are at high risk for contamination, making it crucial to change the tubing frequently to prevent infection. Changing the tubing every 24 hours helps maintain sterility and reduces the risk of microbial growth. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because prolonging the tubing change interval increases the likelihood of bacterial colonization and poses a higher risk of infection for the patient receiving TPN. It is essential to adhere to the recommended 24-hour tubing change frequency to ensure patient safety and minimize the potential for complications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Provide hydration. During chemotherapy, hydration is crucial to prevent dehydration and maintain kidney function. Chemotherapy drugs can be nephrotoxic and cause electrolyte imbalances. Hydration supports drug clearance and prevents kidney damage. Administering oxygen (B) is not typically a priority unless the client is experiencing respiratory distress. Administering pain medications (C) may be important but is not the priority over hydration. Monitoring for signs of infection (D) is important but providing hydration to prevent dehydration and maintain kidney function takes precedence.