What is the most common sign/symptom of sexually transmitted infections?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Lack of signs or symptoms. This is the most common sign/symptom of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) because many STIs can be asymptomatic, especially in the early stages. This lack of obvious signs or symptoms can lead to unknowing transmission of infections and delayed treatment, posing serious health risks to individuals and their partners. Option A) Menstrual cramping and B) Heavy menstrual periods are not typically indicative of STIs. Menstrual cramping is a common symptom during menstruation, while heavy menstrual periods can be caused by various factors such as hormonal imbalances or uterine issues, but not specifically by STIs. Option C) Flu-like symptoms can occur in some STIs like HIV/AIDS or acute HIV infection, but they are not the most common sign. Additionally, flu-like symptoms can be caused by various other conditions, making it less specific to STIs. In an educational context, it is crucial for healthcare providers and individuals to understand that STIs may not always present with obvious signs or symptoms. Regular screenings, practicing safe sex, and open communication with healthcare providers are essential in preventing, detecting, and managing STIs effectively. Educating individuals about the importance of STI screenings, regardless of symptoms, is key in promoting sexual health and well-being.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In maternal and newborn nursing, educating women about human papillomavirus (HPV) and its treatment is crucial. The correct answer, option D, stating that warts often recur a few months after treatment, is accurate because HPV is a persistent virus that can lead to recurrent outbreaks even after treatment. It is essential for the nurse to emphasize to the woman that HPV cannot be completely cured and that periodic monitoring and follow-up care are necessary. Option A, stating that an antiviral injection cures approximately fifty percent of cases, is incorrect because there is no definitive antiviral cure for HPV. Antiviral medications may help manage symptoms but cannot completely eradicate the virus from the body. Option B, claiming that aggressive treatment is required to cure warts, is also incorrect as there is no cure for HPV. Treatment aims to manage symptoms, reduce the risk of complications, and enhance the body's immune response to control the virus. Option C, suggesting that warts often spread when surgically removed, is incorrect as surgical removal is a common treatment for HPV warts. However, it is essential to educate the woman about the risk of recurrence and the importance of preventive measures. In an educational context, it is important for nurses to provide accurate information about HPV, its treatment options, and the need for ongoing monitoring and follow-up care. Empowering women with knowledge about HPV can help them make informed decisions about their health and well-being.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of maternal and newborn nursing, it is crucial to understand the implications of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) on both maternal and fetal health. In this question, the correct answer is A) When urinating. Chlamydial infection, a common STI, can cause inflammation and irritation of the urethra in men, leading to pain or burning sensation during urination. This symptom is known as dysuria and is a hallmark sign of chlamydia in men. Option B) When ejaculating is incorrect because chlamydia typically does not cause pain during ejaculation. Option C) When the penis becomes erect is incorrect as chlamydial infection does not directly cause pain during erection. Option D) When the testicles are touched is incorrect because chlamydia primarily affects the urinary tract and not the testicles directly. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing common symptoms of chlamydial infection in men, which can aid in early detection, treatment, and prevention of complications. Understanding the specific manifestations of STIs is crucial for maternal and newborn nurses in providing comprehensive care to pregnant women and their partners, as untreated STIs can pose risks to maternal health and lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In teaching a young woman how to use the female condom, it is crucial to emphasize the correct technique to ensure its effectiveness. Option D, which states to remove the condom by twisting the outer ring and pulling gently, is the correct answer. This technique helps prevent spillage of semen and reduces the risk of condom breakage during removal. Option A, suggesting reusing female condoms no more than five times, is incorrect as female condoms are designed for one-time use only to maintain their integrity and prevent the spread of infections. Option B, advising to refrain from using lubricant because the condom may slip out of the vagina, is also incorrect. In fact, using water-based lubricants can enhance comfort and reduce friction during intercourse with a female condom. Option C, recommending wearing both female and male condoms together, is incorrect and not recommended as wearing two condoms simultaneously can lead to friction between them, increasing the likelihood of breakage. In an educational context, teaching the correct use of female condoms involves a step-by-step demonstration, highlighting the importance of proper insertion and removal techniques, as well as addressing misconceptions and providing guidance on lubricant use. Emphasizing these key points can help empower young women to make informed decisions regarding their sexual health and protection.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Days 9 to 25. The calendar method, also known as the rhythm method, relies on tracking a woman's menstrual cycle to determine fertile and non-fertile days. In a typical 28-day cycle, ovulation occurs around day 14. Sperm can survive in the female reproductive tract for up to 5 days, and the egg is viable for about 24 hours after ovulation. Therefore, days 9 to 25 are considered fertile days where abstaining from intercourse can help prevent unintended pregnancy. Option B) Days 10 to 15 is incorrect because it only covers the most likely fertile days around ovulation, but sperm survival and variability in cycle lengths make this window too narrow for effective contraception. Option C) Days 11 to 20 and D) Days 12 to 17 are also too narrow and do not account for individual cycle variations. Educationally, understanding the menstrual cycle and fertility awareness methods like the calendar method is crucial for women's reproductive health and family planning. By knowing when fertility is highest, individuals can make informed decisions about contraception or conception based on their own cycle patterns. It empowers women to take control of their reproductive choices and health.