What is the MOST COMMON cause of vaginal bleeding immediately after birth?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Uterine atony. After birth, the uterus may not contract properly, leading to excessive bleeding known as postpartum hemorrhage. Uterine atony is the most common cause, as the uterus fails to remain contracted after delivery. This results in inadequate compression of blood vessels, leading to bleeding. Genital lacerations can cause bleeding but are less common than uterine atony. Abnormal clotting mechanisms and endometritis are less likely causes of immediate postpartum bleeding compared to uterine atony.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (C): In value-based care, the main goal is to achieve the best outcomes relative to cost. This is represented by the equation Quality/Cost. Quality divided by Cost indicates the emphasis on maximizing outcomes while minimizing costs, aligning with the principles of value-based care. By focusing on Quality/Cost, healthcare providers aim to deliver high-quality care efficiently and effectively. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A (Cost X Quality): This equation focuses on the product of cost and quality, rather than the relationship between outcomes and cost. B (Cost X Quality/Consumer satisfaction): Consumer satisfaction is not explicitly related to achieving the best outcomes relative to cost in value-based care. D (Fee for service/discount rate): This choice is not relevant to measuring and optimizing outcomes in value-based care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because by encouraging active participation and sharing personal examples, the facilitator helps attendees engage with the material, apply concepts to real-life situations, and deepen their understanding through experiential learning. This approach fosters a more interactive and dynamic learning environment, enhancing retention and application of knowledge. A is incorrect because the facilitator's aim is to enhance learning, not avoid preparation. B is incorrect as the primary focus is on facilitating learning, not just making participants feel appreciated. D is incorrect as while the facilitator may align with Freire's principles, the main rationale is to promote active participation and learning by doing.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because conducting a community assessment involves utilizing multiple strategies to gather comprehensive data. This includes using library databases for literature reviews (A), surveys/questionnaires to collect community input (C), and examining government documents for existing data (D). By combining these methods, a more thorough and accurate assessment can be achieved. Option B acknowledges the importance of employing a variety of strategies to ensure a well-rounded approach to data collection. Options A, C, and D are individually valid methods but do not encompass the full range of strategies necessary for a comprehensive community assessment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: During the assessment phase of the nursing process, conducting research to identify the distribution pattern of breast cancer and its risk factors falls under the realm of epidemiology. Epidemiology focuses on studying the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, which aligns with the nurse's objective in this scenario. Statistical analysis (A) involves interpreting data, not specifically identifying patterns and risk factors. Needs assessment (B) pertains to identifying gaps in services or resources, not disease patterns. Census collection (C) is the process of gathering demographic data, not specifically studying disease distribution. Therefore, the correct answer is D: Epidemiology.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because health advocacy aims to influence health policies for better health outcomes at a population level. It involves advocating for changes in policies, regulations, and practices to address health disparities and improve public health. Choice B is incorrect as educating patients is more related to patient education. Choice C is incorrect as providing clinical care is the role of healthcare providers, not health advocates. Choice D is incorrect as the primary goal of health advocacy is not to reduce healthcare costs, but rather to promote health equity and access to quality care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because directly asking the client about their reading level allows for self-assessment, which is crucial in understanding their actual ability. This approach respects client autonomy and provides an opportunity for open communication. Option B is incorrect as it focuses on health literacy rather than overall reading level. Option C is incorrect because completed years of education may not necessarily reflect reading ability accurately. Option D is incorrect as it assumes a standardized literacy tool can accurately capture an individual's reading level without considering personal context.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Guarantees safety at home. PCMH focuses on providing patient-centered, comprehensive, coordinated care with an emphasis on patient needs and involving a team of healthcare providers. Safety at home is not a direct characteristic of PCMH. Other choices (A, C, D) align with the core principles of PCMH - comprehensive care, patient-centered approach, and collaborative teamwork among providers.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Interviewing community informants. This method is most effective for remote and vulnerable segments and underdeveloped opinions because informants have insider knowledge and can provide valuable insights. They can bridge communication gaps, build trust, and gather accurate data. Community forums (B) may not reach remote areas, focus groups (C) may not include diverse perspectives, and telephone surveys (D) may not be accessible to all community members. Overall, interviewing informants is the most personalized and reliable approach for obtaining data in these contexts.