What is the most common cause of neonatal sepsis?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the most common causes of neonatal sepsis is crucial for providing effective care and treatment to newborns. The correct answer is A) Group B Streptococcus. This bacterium is a major cause of neonatal sepsis due to its ability to be transmitted from the mother to the baby during childbirth. Group B Strep can lead to serious infections in newborns, making it essential for healthcare providers to be vigilant in screening and treating pregnant women to prevent neonatal sepsis. Option B) Escherichia coli is a common cause of neonatal sepsis; however, it is not the most common. E. coli infections can occur in newborns through various means such as exposure during delivery or through contaminated equipment. Option C) Staphylococcus aureus is another potential cause of neonatal sepsis, but it is not as common as Group B Strep. Staph infections can occur through contact with contaminated surfaces or healthcare providers. Option D) Listeria monocytogenes is less commonly associated with neonatal sepsis compared to Group B Strep. Listeria infections are typically foodborne and can affect pregnant women, potentially leading to neonatal sepsis if transmitted to the baby in utero. Educationally, understanding the different causes of neonatal sepsis is vital for nurses and healthcare providers working with newborns. By knowing the most common pathogens like Group B Strep, healthcare providers can implement appropriate preventive measures, screening protocols, and treatment strategies to reduce the risk of neonatal sepsis and improve outcomes for newborns.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Denial of the pregnancy is common early on. When developing a teaching plan for high school students about teenage pregnancy, it is crucial to address the common phenomenon of denial among teenagers who may be pregnant. This information is important for students to understand because denial can delay seeking necessary healthcare and support, potentially leading to negative outcomes for both the mother and the baby. Option A) The incidence of teenage pregnancies is increasing is incorrect because while teenage pregnancy rates fluctuate over time, the overall trend in many developed countries has been a decline in recent years. Option B) Most teenage pregnancies are planned is incorrect as research shows that a significant portion of teenage pregnancies are unplanned and unintended, often due to lack of access to comprehensive sex education and contraception. Option D) The risk for complications during pregnancy is rare is incorrect because teenage pregnancies are associated with higher risks of complications such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and maternal health issues compared to pregnancies in older women. It is important for high school students to understand these risks to make informed decisions about their reproductive health. In an educational context, providing accurate information about teenage pregnancy can help empower students to make healthy choices regarding their sexual health and relationships. Understanding the common behaviors and challenges associated with teenage pregnancy can also help reduce stigma and provide support to pregnant teenagers in their communities.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Projection. Projection is a defense mechanism where an individual attributes their own unacceptable feelings or thoughts to another person. In this case, the mother is projecting her feelings of inadequacy or fear onto the student nurse by calling them an idiot and questioning their abilities. Option A) Displacement involves transferring emotions from their original source to a substitute target. It does not apply in this situation as the mother is not redirecting her feelings to the nurse, but rather projecting her own feelings onto them. Option C) Repression is the unconscious blocking of unacceptable thoughts or emotions. It is not applicable here as the mother is expressing her feelings openly rather than suppressing them. Option D) Psychosis refers to a severe mental disorder where thoughts and emotions are so impaired that contact is lost with external reality. This option is not relevant to the situation described. In an educational context, understanding defense mechanisms like projection is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially in nursing. It helps nurses interpret and manage challenging interactions with patients and their families, leading to better communication and care outcomes. By recognizing projection, nurses can respond empathetically and address underlying issues effectively, ultimately improving patient care and satisfaction.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding developmental norms and deviations is crucial for accurate assessments and interventions. In the case of a preschooler with mild mental retardation, being slow to feed oneself is characteristic due to potential delays in fine motor skills and coordination. This can result in difficulties manipulating utensils or self-feeding independently. Option A is correct because it aligns with the typical manifestation of mild mental retardation in preschoolers. This delay in self-feeding can be attributed to cognitive and motor skill impairments, which are common in this population. Option B, lack of speech, is more indicative of a language or speech delay rather than mild mental retardation specifically. Children with mild mental retardation may have speech delays as well, but it is not the defining characteristic. Option C, marked motor delays, is a possibility in individuals with more severe intellectual disabilities rather than mild mental retardation. Preschoolers with mild mental retardation may have some motor delays, but they are not typically as pronounced as in severe cases. Option D, gait disability, is more commonly associated with physical disabilities or conditions affecting the musculoskeletal system rather than mild mental retardation. While some children with mild mental retardation may have coordination issues, a gait disability would not be the primary characteristic. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing specific developmental characteristics associated with mild mental retardation in preschoolers. It emphasizes the need for nurses to be knowledgeable about typical developmental milestones and red flags for various conditions to provide effective care and support for pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In a child with celiac disease experiencing a celiac crisis secondary to an upper respiratory infection, the nurse would expect to assess watery diarrhea (Option C). This is because celiac crisis is characterized by severe malabsorption and can be triggered by infections, leading to increased gastrointestinal symptoms like watery diarrhea. Option A, respiratory distress, is less likely in this scenario as the primary concern would be related to the gastrointestinal manifestations of celiac crisis rather than respiratory symptoms. Option B, lethargy, can be a symptom of celiac crisis but is more nonspecific and can be present in various conditions. It is not as directly associated with celiac crisis secondary to an upper respiratory infection. Option D, weight gain, would not be expected in a child experiencing a celiac crisis due to the malabsorption and resulting nutritional deficiencies that commonly occur in this condition. Educationally, understanding the specific manifestations of celiac disease, its complications such as celiac crisis, and how external factors like upper respiratory infections can exacerbate symptoms is crucial for nursing practice. This knowledge helps nurses provide appropriate care, anticipate complications, and educate patients and families effectively.