ATI RN
Urinary System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is the most common age group for testicular torsion?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: 12-18 years is the peak for testicular torsion pubertal growth (bell-clapper deformity) increases risk, most common. <10 years occurs less frequent. 20-25 wanes still possible. 30-50 is rare adult decline. Adolescent predominance distinguishes it, critical for emergency recognition, unlike younger or older groups.
Question 2 of 5
What percentage renal function can be lost but still have a creatinine in the normal range?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: ~60% renal function (GFR) can be lost with normal creatinine compensatory hypertrophy masks decline (e.g., GFR 120 to 50 mL/min), nonlinear rise. 20-50% underestimates creatinine lags. 60% distinguishes it, critical for early CKD detection, unlike lower estimates.
Question 3 of 5
What is the cause of most common cause of death in pts with CRF?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cardiac causes top CRF deaths accelerated atherosclerosis, fluid overload (e.g., CHF) from uremia, outstrip sepsis (immunosuppression), CVA (stroke), and malignancy (late risk). Cardiac predominance distinguishes it, key to CRF mortality, unlike infection or other complications.
Question 4 of 5
A 60-year-old male with history of benign prostatic hypertrophy presents complaining of nausea and vomiting. Laboratory values include serum Na of 145 mmol/L, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 45 mg/dL, creatinine of 2.0 mg/dL, urine Na of 10, and urine creatinine of 80. Which of the following is the MOST likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prerenal failure fits BUN:creatinine >20:1 (22.5), urine Na <20 (10), high urine:serum creatinine (>40:1), dehydration from vomiting/BPH obstruction. ATN shows FENa >1, urine Na >40 tubular damage. Glomerulonephritis has casts absent here. Postrenal (BPH) raises creatinine more obstruction incomplete. Prerenal markers distinguish it, key to hypoperfusion diagnosis, unlike intrinsic or obstructive patterns.
Question 5 of 5
All of the following substances cause urinary retention EXCEPT
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Beta-blockers don't cause retention may relax detrusor (e.g., opposite alpha-agonists), unlike methamphetamines/ephedrine (sympathomimetic, sphincter tone) and cogentin (anticholinergic, detrusor inhibition). Lack of retention distinguishes beta-blockers, key to drug effects, unlike obstructive agents.