What is the most appropriate treatment for neonatal sepsis?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of neonatal sepsis, the most appropriate treatment is option A: Antibiotics. Neonatal sepsis is a serious condition characterized by a systemic infection in newborns. Antibiotics are crucial in treating sepsis as they target the underlying bacterial infection, helping to prevent its spread and potentially life-threatening complications. Oxygen therapy (Option B) is important for managing respiratory distress but is not the primary treatment for sepsis. Surfactant therapy (Option C) is used for respiratory distress syndrome in neonates, not for treating sepsis directly. Thermal support (Option D) is essential for maintaining the infant's body temperature but does not address the underlying infection causing sepsis. In an educational context, understanding the appropriate treatment for neonatal sepsis is vital for nurses caring for newborns. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of sepsis early, initiating antibiotic therapy promptly, and closely monitoring the infant's response are critical nursing interventions in managing neonatal sepsis and improving outcomes. Nurses must be knowledgeable about evidence-based practices to provide safe and effective care to this vulnerable population.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the case of a neonate diagnosed with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), the most appropriate management is option B) Antibiotics and supportive care. NEC is a serious gastrointestinal disease in infants that requires prompt treatment. Antibiotics are crucial to help combat the infection associated with NEC, while supportive care focuses on maintaining hydration, nutrition, and monitoring for complications. Surgical resection (option A) may be necessary in severe cases of NEC with perforation or extensive necrosis, but it is not the primary management option. Oxygen therapy (option C) is not the mainstay of treatment for NEC, as the focus is on addressing the underlying infection and supporting the infant's overall condition. Surfactant administration (option D) is used in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome, not NEC. Educationally, understanding the appropriate management of NEC is vital for nurses caring for neonates in various healthcare settings. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of NEC, initiating timely treatment with antibiotics, and providing supportive care can significantly impact the outcome for these vulnerable patients. Nurses must be knowledgeable about NEC management to provide safe and effective care to neonates with this condition.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Denial of the pregnancy is common early on. When developing a teaching plan for high school students about teenage pregnancy, it is crucial to address the common phenomenon of denial among teenagers who may be pregnant. This information is important for students to understand because denial can delay seeking necessary healthcare and support, potentially leading to negative outcomes for both the mother and the baby. Option A) The incidence of teenage pregnancies is increasing is incorrect because while teenage pregnancy rates fluctuate over time, the overall trend in many developed countries has been a decline in recent years. Option B) Most teenage pregnancies are planned is incorrect as research shows that a significant portion of teenage pregnancies are unplanned and unintended, often due to lack of access to comprehensive sex education and contraception. Option D) The risk for complications during pregnancy is rare is incorrect because teenage pregnancies are associated with higher risks of complications such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and maternal health issues compared to pregnancies in older women. It is important for high school students to understand these risks to make informed decisions about their reproductive health. In an educational context, providing accurate information about teenage pregnancy can help empower students to make healthy choices regarding their sexual health and relationships. Understanding the common behaviors and challenges associated with teenage pregnancy can also help reduce stigma and provide support to pregnant teenagers in their communities.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Projection. Projection is a defense mechanism where an individual attributes their own unacceptable feelings or thoughts to another person. In this case, the mother is projecting her feelings of inadequacy or fear onto the student nurse by calling them an idiot and questioning their abilities. Option A) Displacement involves transferring emotions from their original source to a substitute target. It does not apply in this situation as the mother is not redirecting her feelings to the nurse, but rather projecting her own feelings onto them. Option C) Repression is the unconscious blocking of unacceptable thoughts or emotions. It is not applicable here as the mother is expressing her feelings openly rather than suppressing them. Option D) Psychosis refers to a severe mental disorder where thoughts and emotions are so impaired that contact is lost with external reality. This option is not relevant to the situation described. In an educational context, understanding defense mechanisms like projection is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially in nursing. It helps nurses interpret and manage challenging interactions with patients and their families, leading to better communication and care outcomes. By recognizing projection, nurses can respond empathetically and address underlying issues effectively, ultimately improving patient care and satisfaction.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding developmental norms and deviations is crucial for accurate assessments and interventions. In the case of a preschooler with mild mental retardation, being slow to feed oneself is characteristic due to potential delays in fine motor skills and coordination. This can result in difficulties manipulating utensils or self-feeding independently. Option A is correct because it aligns with the typical manifestation of mild mental retardation in preschoolers. This delay in self-feeding can be attributed to cognitive and motor skill impairments, which are common in this population. Option B, lack of speech, is more indicative of a language or speech delay rather than mild mental retardation specifically. Children with mild mental retardation may have speech delays as well, but it is not the defining characteristic. Option C, marked motor delays, is a possibility in individuals with more severe intellectual disabilities rather than mild mental retardation. Preschoolers with mild mental retardation may have some motor delays, but they are not typically as pronounced as in severe cases. Option D, gait disability, is more commonly associated with physical disabilities or conditions affecting the musculoskeletal system rather than mild mental retardation. While some children with mild mental retardation may have coordination issues, a gait disability would not be the primary characteristic. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing specific developmental characteristics associated with mild mental retardation in preschoolers. It emphasizes the need for nurses to be knowledgeable about typical developmental milestones and red flags for various conditions to provide effective care and support for pediatric patients.