What is the most appropriate next action for a 24-month-old child diagnosed with ASD?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most appropriate next action for a 24-month-old child diagnosed with ASD is to conduct a lead level test (Option C). Lead exposure can exacerbate symptoms of ASD and impact neurodevelopment. Identifying and addressing lead exposure early is crucial for the child's overall health and well-being. Physical examination (Option A) is a routine part of healthcare but may not provide specific information related to ASD or lead exposure in this case. Hearing tests (Option B) are important for children with ASD, but lead exposure should be ruled out first due to its immediate health risks. A Woods lamp (Option D) is used to detect fungal infections like tinea capitis and is not relevant in this scenario. Educationally, it is essential for pediatric nurses to understand the potential impacts of environmental factors like lead exposure on children with developmental disorders such as ASD. By prioritizing lead level testing in this case, nurses can ensure a comprehensive approach to the child's care and advocate for interventions to mitigate any harmful effects on their health.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) it indicates a potential for future lying behavior. This is incorrect because frequent lying behavior in a 3-year-old child is developmentally normal and not necessarily an indicator of future lying tendencies. Children at this age are often exploring their imagination, testing boundaries, and learning about cause and effect. Lying at this stage is more about experimentation and not fully understanding the concept of lying as deceit. Option A) it is a method of playing with language is correct because young children often engage in imaginative play and storytelling, which can involve exaggerations or fabrications that are not meant to deceive. Option B) it is a part of their magical thinking is also correct as young children may blend reality with fantasy and have difficulty distinguishing between the two. This can lead to exaggerated stories or statements that are not intended to deceive but rather reflect their vivid imagination. Option D) it is an approach to avoid unwanted confrontation with adults is correct as well because young children may lie to avoid punishment or conflict, not necessarily with the intention of deceiving but more as a way to navigate challenging situations. Educationally, it is crucial for parents and caregivers to understand the developmental stages of children and how they explore communication and problem-solving strategies. By recognizing that lying in young children is often a normal part of cognitive and social development, adults can respond with patience, guidance, and appropriate discipline techniques that focus on teaching honesty and integrity over punitive measures. This understanding can help foster a trusting relationship between adults and children, promoting healthy development and ethical behavior in the long term.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Routine screening for autistic spectrum disorders in children is crucial for early identification and intervention. The correct answer is C) 18 and 24 months. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends autism-specific screening at 18 and 24 months as part of routine well-child visits. Option A) 06 and 12 months is too early for reliable autism screening as symptoms may not be fully manifest. Option B) 12 and 18 months is closer but still misses the recommended screening window. Option D) 24 and 30 months delays screening, potentially missing early signs and delaying intervention. Educationally, understanding the recommended screening timeline for autism in children is vital for healthcare providers working in pediatric settings. Early identification allows for timely intervention, leading to improved outcomes for children with autism. Regular screening practices help ensure no child falls through the cracks, promoting early access to appropriate services and support.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Leukokoria in a newborn infant is a serious finding that can indicate various eye disorders. In this case, the correct answer is C) congenital glaucoma. Congenital glaucoma typically presents with symptoms such as photophobia, tearing, and enlargement of the cornea, rather than leukokoria. It is important to recognize that congenital glaucoma can lead to irreversible vision loss if not promptly treated. The other options are incorrect because they are all conditions that can present with leukokoria in a newborn infant. A) Cataracts, B) tumor, and D) retinopathy of prematurity can all manifest as abnormal white pupillary reflexes. Cataracts involve opacity of the lens, tumors can cause structural changes in the eye leading to leukokoria, and retinopathy of prematurity can result in abnormal blood vessel growth in the retina. Educationally, understanding the differential diagnosis of leukokoria in newborns is crucial for pediatric nurses. Early recognition and timely intervention are essential in preventing vision impairment or blindness in infants. Nurses play a vital role in advocating for proper eye screenings and referrals to ophthalmologists for further evaluation and management. Strengthening knowledge in this area can help improve outcomes for infants with eye disorders.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) antenatal exposure to magnesium sulfate does not pose a risk for poor academic performance of premature infants. Premature infants are at high risk for academic challenges due to their vulnerable and underdeveloped systems. Factors such as extremely low birth weight (option A) below 750g can lead to long-term health issues affecting academic performance. Periventricular leukomalacia (option B) is a brain injury common in premature infants that can result in cognitive and developmental delays impacting academic abilities. Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (option D) is a complication that can arise from bleeding in the brain, potentially causing neurological impairments affecting academic performance. Antenatal exposure to magnesium sulfate (option C) is actually used as a neuroprotective agent in preterm labor to prevent cerebral palsy and other brain injuries. Therefore, it does not contribute to poor academic performance in premature infants. In an educational context, understanding these risk factors is crucial for pediatric nurses caring for premature infants. It enables them to provide appropriate interventions, support, and educational resources to promote the academic success of these vulnerable patients.