What is the medical term for a deficiency in the production of red blood cells?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Aplastic anemia. Aplastic anemia is a condition where the bone marrow doesn't produce enough blood cells, including red blood cells. Iron deficiency anemia (A) is caused by a lack of iron in the body, not a deficiency in red blood cell production. Sickle cell anemia (B) is a genetic disorder affecting the shape of red blood cells, not the production. Pernicious anemia (D) is caused by a lack of vitamin B12, which leads to a deficiency in red blood cell production, but it is not the medical term specifically used for this condition.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Mast cells: acute phase response. Mast cells are actually involved in allergic responses, not the acute phase response of the immune system. The acute phase response is primarily mediated by cytokines and acute-phase proteins. Interferons protect against viral infections, ROS help kill pathogens inside cells, and selectins aid in leukocyte extravasation during inflammation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, "All of the above." Immunoglobulins are antibodies produced by the immune system to recognize and bind to foreign molecules called antigens. These antigens can be proteins (choice A), carbohydrates (choice B), or lipids (choice C). Therefore, immunoglobulins can bind to all classes of biological molecules. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they each represent individual classes of molecules that can be targeted by immunoglobulins, but the correct answer encompasses all of them.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: 1. A is correct as lymph is taken up from tissues by lymphatic capillaries. 2. B is correct as lymph carries antigens and mature dendritic cells to lymph nodes. 3. C is incorrect as lymph is not secreted by lymphocytes. 4. Therefore, D is correct as both A and B accurately describe the components and functions of lymph.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Dendritic cells play a crucial role in the immune system. Firstly, they provide costimulation to activate naïve T cells (A). Secondly, they process protein antigens into peptides for antigen presentation (B). Finally, dendritic cells present peptide-MHC complexes to T cell receptors for immune response activation (C). Therefore, the correct answer is D, as dendritic cells are involved in all these processes essential for initiating and regulating immune responses. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they are individual roles of dendritic cells and do not encompass the full range of functions that dendritic cells perform.