ATI RN
ATI Immune System Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is the medical term for a blood clot that forms within a blood vessel?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Thrombosis. Thrombosis refers to the formation of a blood clot within a blood vessel. The process involves the coagulation of blood components to form a clot. This can lead to blockages in blood vessels, potentially causing serious health issues like stroke or heart attack. Choice B: Embolus refers to a blood clot that has traveled from its original site and lodged in a different blood vessel. Choice C: Hemorrhage is the medical term for bleeding. Choice D: Hemostasis refers to the body's process of stopping bleeding, not the formation of a blood clot.
Question 2 of 5
TLR-3 detects viruses found in:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: TLR-3 detects viruses in endosomes. When a virus enters a host cell, it is often engulfed into endosomes. TLR-3 recognizes viral RNA within endosomes and triggers an immune response. Choices A and B are incorrect because TLR-3 does not detect viruses in the cytosol or extracellular space. Choice D is incorrect because TLR-3 specifically functions in endosomes to detect viral RNA.
Question 3 of 5
Select the property that applies only to pathogens:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because pathogens are microorganisms that specifically cause disease in a host with normal immune functions. Pathogens have mechanisms to evade or overcome the host's immune system, leading to the development of diseases. Choices A and B are characteristics of both pathogens and non-pathogenic organisms. Choice D is incorrect because not all pathogens are transmitted between individuals of the same species; some pathogens can be transmitted from animals to humans or through environmental sources.
Question 4 of 5
With respect to vaccination against a particular infectious disease 'herd immunity' refers to:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Herd immunity refers to the protection offered to non-immunized individuals when a high percentage of the population is immunized, preventing the pathogen from spreading easily. This is because when a large portion of the population is immune to a disease, it creates a barrier that reduces the overall transmission of the pathogen, thus protecting those who are not vaccinated or cannot be vaccinated. Choice A is incorrect because herd immunity is not solely about the total number of immunized individuals, but rather about the impact on the entire population. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to the efficacy of the vaccine in generating a protective response, not the concept of herd immunity. Choice D is incorrect as it relates to social influence rather than the collective protection provided by high rates of immunization.
Question 5 of 5
In mice, mutations of which of the following genes cause the 'scurfy' phenotype (scaly skin and multiple autoimmune disorders)?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: 1. FOXP3 gene encodes a transcription factor crucial for regulatory T cells function. 2. Mutations in FOXP3 lead to dysfunctional regulatory T cells, causing autoimmune disorders. 3. Scurfy phenotype matches the symptoms of autoimmune disorders seen with FOXP3 mutations. Summary: - B (AIRE): AIRE mutations cause autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome, not scurfy phenotype. - C (NFkB): NFkB is a transcription factor involved in immune response but not linked to scurfy phenotype. - D (IRF): IRF is a regulator of interferon signaling, not directly associated with scurfy phenotype.