What is the major symptom in sickle cell crisis for clients with sickle cell anemia?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In sickle cell crisis for clients with sickle cell anemia, the major symptom is pain, making option D the correct answer. This pain is due to the obstruction of small blood vessels by sickled red blood cells, leading to tissue ischemia. It is typically severe and can occur in various parts of the body, such as the chest, abdomen, bones, and joints. Option A, fever, is not typically a major symptom of sickle cell crisis. While infections can trigger a crisis, fever alone is not the defining symptom. Option B, lethargy, may be present due to the body's response to the crisis, but it is not the primary symptom. Option C, atelectasis (lung collapse), is a potential complication of sickle cell crisis but is not the major presenting symptom. In an educational context, understanding the hallmark symptom of sickle cell crisis is crucial for healthcare professionals caring for patients with sickle cell anemia. Recognizing and effectively managing the severe pain associated with a crisis is essential in providing timely and appropriate care to these patients. Educating healthcare providers about the key symptoms of sickle cell crisis can help improve patient outcomes and quality of care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the B subclassification of Hodgkin's disease, the most significant symptoms are fever and weight loss. This is because the presence of these two symptoms indicates a more advanced stage of the disease, reflecting systemic symptoms of inflammation and metabolic changes. Option B, night sweats and fever, is commonly associated with the A subclassification of Hodgkin's disease, not the B subclassification. Night sweats are a hallmark symptom of lymphomas in general, but in this context, it is not specific to the B subclassification. Option C, weight loss and anemia, while possible symptoms in Hodgkin's disease, are not the most significant symptoms in the B subclassification. Weight loss can be a nonspecific symptom seen in various conditions, and anemia can occur in different types of cancer as well. Option D, anemia and fever, lacks the specificity of the most significant symptoms associated with the B subclassification of Hodgkin's disease. While anemia and fever can be present in some cases, they are not the defining features of this particular subclassification. Educationally, understanding the distinct symptomatology of different subtypes of Hodgkin's disease is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management. By recognizing the key symptoms associated with each subclassification, healthcare providers can make informed decisions regarding treatment strategies and patient care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of a client with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma undergoing radiation and chemotherapy, the correct instruction for a nurse to give is to increase fluid intake (Option A). The rationale behind this is that radiation and chemotherapy can lead to various side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Increasing fluid intake helps in preventing dehydration, flushing out toxins from the body, and maintaining hydration levels during treatment. It also supports kidney function and overall well-being. Regarding why the other options are incorrect: - Intake soft, bland foods (Option B) may be beneficial for some gastrointestinal side effects, but it is not as essential as maintaining proper hydration. - Intake low-fat meals (Option C) does not address the specific needs of a client undergoing cancer treatment. - Intake food rich in folic acid (Option D) is not the priority in this scenario; while folic acid is important for cell growth, increasing fluid intake takes precedence due to the potential side effects of treatment. From an educational standpoint, understanding the rationale behind the need to increase fluid intake for clients undergoing cancer treatments like radiation and chemotherapy is crucial for nurses. It helps them provide holistic care, manage side effects effectively, and support the overall well-being and treatment outcomes of their patients. By prioritizing hydration, nurses can contribute to better symptom management and improved quality of life for individuals battling cancer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Infectious Mononucleosis. The nurse suspects this diagnosis because the client presents with classic symptoms of sore throat, fatigue, headache, and enlarged cervical lymph nodes, which are indicative of infectious mononucleosis, commonly caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. Option A) Lymphomas are a group of blood cancers that can also present with enlarged lymph nodes, but typically do not manifest with the acute symptoms described in the client's presentation. Option B) Lymphedema is swelling due to a blockage in the lymphatic system and is not associated with the acute symptoms mentioned. Option C) Lymphangitis is an infection of the lymphatic channels, which would present with red streaks on the skin and fever, rather than the sore throat and fatigue described in the client. This question is crucial in a Hematology Oncology exam as it tests the student's ability to differentiate between various conditions presenting with similar symptoms, enhancing their clinical reasoning skills in diagnosing hematologic and oncologic disorders based on patient presentations. Understanding the distinguishing features of each condition is vital for accurate diagnosis and appropriate patient management.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Graft versus host disease. Graft versus host disease (GVHD) occurs when the transplanted donor cells recognize the recipient's body as foreign and attack it. This immune response can manifest as various symptoms, including skin rash, gastrointestinal issues, and liver problems. Option A) Lymphoma relapse is incorrect because it refers to the return of cancer cells after a period of remission, not rejection of the transplant. Option B) Short remission is incorrect as it does not relate to the immune response following a bone marrow transplant. Option C) Bone marrow transplant rejection is also incorrect because rejection typically involves the recipient's immune system attacking the donor cells, not vice versa. Educationally, understanding GVHD is crucial for healthcare providers managing patients post-bone marrow transplant. Recognizing the signs and symptoms early can lead to prompt intervention and better outcomes for the patient. It highlights the complex interplay between the donor and recipient immune systems in transplantation, emphasizing the importance of monitoring and managing immune responses in these patients.