What is the major difference between managers and leaders?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because managers always have legitimate power. This is due to their formal position within an organization, giving them the authority to make decisions, allocate resources, and direct the work of subordinates. This power is typically designated by the organization's hierarchy and structure. Choice A is incorrect because leaders can possess different types of power, such as referent or expert power, not just legitimate power. Choice B is incorrect because while leaders and managers have distinct roles, some individuals can excel in both capacities. Choice C is incorrect because managers are expected to exhibit leadership qualities in addition to their managerial responsibilities.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Complete an incident report. This is the next step to document the error and ensure proper follow-up. It helps in analyzing the root cause, implementing preventive measures, and ensures transparency in patient care. Notifying the family (A) can wait until the situation is under control. Disciplining the previous nurse (B) should not be the immediate focus and may come after a thorough investigation. Obtaining legal consultation (D) is premature and should only be considered if the incident escalates to a legal issue.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Discover the underlying causes of an error. Root cause analysis aims to identify the fundamental reason(s) contributing to an issue, allowing for effective solutions. It focuses on understanding the core factors leading to an error rather than blaming individuals (A, B) or assessing policy effectiveness (D). By conducting RCA, organizations can prevent recurrence and improve processes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Shared responsibility. In team nursing, all team members share responsibility for patient care, promoting collaboration and teamwork. This principle ensures that each team member contributes to decision-making and patient outcomes. A: Decentralized decision making is not a key principle of team nursing as it involves individual team members making decisions independently, which can lead to lack of coordination. B: Centralized decision making is also not a key principle of team nursing as it involves decision-making being controlled by a single authority, undermining the collaborative nature of team nursing. C: Individual accountability is important in team nursing, but it is not the key principle. Shared responsibility emphasizes collective accountability and collaboration among team members.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat diseases early to prevent complications. 2. Blood pressure screening helps identify individuals at risk for hypertension-related issues. 3. Early detection through screening allows for timely interventions to prevent further health problems. 4. Administering medications, developing a care plan, and providing rehabilitation are tertiary prevention activities focused on managing existing conditions rather than early detection. Summary: Blood pressure screening is the correct example of a secondary prevention activity as it focuses on early detection and intervention to prevent the progression of health issues. Administering medications, developing a care plan, and providing rehabilitation are not considered secondary prevention activities as they are more related to managing existing conditions.