Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The main role of the nursing process in community health care is to provide individualized care frameworks. This involves assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing, and evaluating care tailored to each patient's unique needs. Nursing interventions are personalized based on the individual's health status, preferences, and community resources. This approach promotes holistic and patient-centered care, leading to better health outcomes. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Implementing standardized treatment plans does not account for individual variations and needs. C: Nurses collaborate with diagnostic physicians but do not solely assist them. D: Establishing clinical guidelines is important but not the primary role of the nursing process in community health care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer oxygen. In respiratory distress, the priority is to ensure adequate oxygenation. Oxygen therapy helps improve oxygen levels in the blood and relieve respiratory distress. Administering diuretics (B) may not address the immediate need for oxygen. Increasing respiratory rate (C) may lead to worsening distress if the underlying cause is not addressed. Administering IV fluids (D) is not the priority unless specifically indicated for the client's condition. It is crucial to prioritize oxygen delivery to support vital functions and stabilize the client's condition.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it directly asks for specific information about past hospitalizations, prompting Mr. Y to recall the last time he was admitted for chest pain. This question is open-ended, allowing Mr. Y to provide detailed information voluntarily. A is incorrect as it assumes Mr. Y has been hospitalized without directly asking for that information. B is a better choice but lacks specificity in requesting details about past hospitalizations. C is inappropriate as it assumes permission to access medical records without Mr. Y's consent.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Respect and compassion are essential in end-of-life care to support patients emotionally. Step 2: Nurses need to show empathy and understanding towards patients and their families. Step 3: Providing comfort and dignity in the final stages of life is crucial. Step 4: Assessing and intervening (Choice B) is important but not the primary competency in end-of-life care. Step 5: Setting goals and dynamic changes to care (Choice C) may be relevant but not as fundamental as respect and compassion. Step 6: Keeping sad news away (Choice D) goes against transparency and trust-building in end-of-life care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: not pulling to a standing position. In an 11-12-month-old child, the inability to pull to a standing position may indicate developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) as it can lead to abnormal hip development. Refusal to walk (A) can be a sign of other musculoskeletal issues but not specific to DDH. Negative Trendelenburg sign (C) refers to weakness in the hip abductors and is not a specific finding for DDH. A negative Ortolani sign (D) indicates the absence of hip dislocation and is not a definitive sign of DDH at this age.