What is the main purpose of matching in a case-control study?

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Question 1 of 5

What is the main purpose of matching in a case-control study?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Matching (B) reduces confounding (e.g., age-matching) in case-control studies. A, C, and D are incorrect or unrelated.

Question 2 of 5

What is confounding?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Confounding (C) distorts exposure-outcome links via a third variable (e.g., age in smoking-cancer studies). A and B are biases, D is random error.

Question 3 of 5

What type of bias is introduced when participants drop out of a study and the dropout is related to both the exposure and the outcome?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Attrition bias (D) is loss to follow-up affecting results (e.g., sick dropouts in cohorts). A is broader, B is data error, C is recall.

Question 4 of 5

What is the primary purpose of obtaining informed consent from research participants?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Informed consent (C) upholds autonomy (e.g., voluntary choice). A, B, and D are secondary or incorrect.

Question 5 of 5

If a disease has a low prevalence, which value of the diagnostic test is likely to be most affected?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Low prevalence lowers PPV (C) as fewer true positives exist (e.g., rare disease testing). A and B are test properties, D stays high.

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