What is the main purpose of a diagnostic test?

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Epidemiologic Question Questions

Question 1 of 5

A. To treat the disease B. To confirm or exclude a diagnosis C. To study the natural history of the disease D. To measure the prevalence of the disease

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Diagnostic tests (B) confirm or rule out disease (e.g., biopsy for cancer). A, C, and D are unrelated.

Question 2 of 5

What is a risk factor?

A. An intervention that reduces the risk of disease B. A characteristic that increases the likelihood of developing a disease C. A treatment for a disease D. A measure of disease prevalence

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Risk factor (B) increases disease likelihood (e.g., smoking). A is protective, C is treatment, D is measure.

Question 3 of 5

Studies in the epidemiology of appendicitis have shown that

A. it affects girls nearly three times as frequently as boys B. its incidence is highest in the sixth and seventh decades of life C. its incidence is decreasing in the Western world D. its mortality is increasing in the Western world

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Incidence is decreasing in the West (e.g., due to fiber intake). A is false (males slightly higher). B is wrong (peak is teens). D is false (mortality down). E is off (rarer, ~1/1,500 in pregnancy).

Question 4 of 5

Correct statements about obesity include all the following EXCEPT

A. a woman whose body fat is equal to 24 percent of her total body weight should be considered obese B. obesity is the major risk factor for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus C. sedentariness is the most important cause of widespread obesity in Western populations D. obesity is a risk factor for coronary heart disease only among the extremely obese

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: 24% body fat isn’t obese (threshold ~30-35%). B, C, D (partly true), and E are correct.

Question 5 of 5

Compared with the general population, all the following patients are at an increased risk of cobalamin (B12) deficiency EXCEPT

A. a 40-year-old man with a history of ingestion of lye at age 20 B. a 20-year-old woman with a history of Graves' disease C. a 60-year-old man with a brother with pernicious anemia D. a 70-year-old woman with a nematodal infection

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Graves’ doesn’t affect B12; others do (e.g., malabsorption, genetics).

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What is the main purpose of a diagnostic test?

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Epidemiologic Question Questions

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