What is the MAIN problem with theories that claim that cannabis can cause psychosis or schizophrenia?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it highlights the main problem with theories linking cannabis to psychosis or schizophrenia. It is challenging to establish a clear causal relationship between cannabis use and mental illness due to various confounding factors such as genetic predisposition, environmental influences, and co-occurring substance use. While choices A and B point out valid observations, they do not address the fundamental issue of establishing causality. Choice D is incorrect as it presents an absolute statement that contradicts the complexity of mental health research and the range of individual experiences.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: PET scans. PET scans use a radioactive form of glucose to detect brain activity based on glucose metabolism. Glucose is a primary energy source for brain cells, so increased glucose uptake indicates increased brain activity. CT scans (A) provide structural images, EEG (B) measures electrical activity, and MRI images (D) show detailed brain structure but do not directly measure brain activity based on glucose metabolism.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: eszopiclone (Lunesta), a nonbenzodiazepine sleep aid. Eszopiclone is a preferred long-term treatment for insomnia due to its lower risk of dependence and tolerance compared to benzodiazepines and barbiturates. Eszopiclone acts on the GABA receptors to promote sleep without causing the same level of sedation or cognitive impairment as benzodiazepines or barbiturates. It is also less likely to cause rebound insomnia upon discontinuation. Incorrect Choices: A: secobarbital (Seconal), a barbiturate - Barbiturates have a high potential for tolerance, dependence, and overdose, making them unsuitable for long-term insomnia treatment. B: diazepam (Valium), a benzodiazepine - Benzodiazepines can lead to tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal symptoms, making them less ideal for long-term insomnia treatment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because removing the patch at bedtime and applying a new one in the morning helps to provide a nitrate-free period which prevents the development of tolerance to nitroglycerin. By allowing a nitrate-free interval, the body is less likely to become desensitized to the effects of nitroglycerin, thus maintaining its effectiveness. A: Omitting a dose once a week does not provide a consistent nitrate-free period and may not be effective in reducing tolerance. B: Leaving the patch on for 2 days at a time may lead to continuous exposure and potential tolerance development. C: Cutting the patch in half is not a recommended method as it alters the dose delivery and may lead to inconsistent effects.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Elevated blood glucose. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors can lead to hyperglycemia in diabetic patients by reducing the excretion of glucose in the urine. Monitoring blood glucose levels is essential to prevent complications. Metabolic alkalosis (A) is not typically associated with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Hyperkalemia (C) is not a common adverse effect of these medications. Mental alertness (D) is not directly affected by carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Monitoring blood glucose in diabetic patients is crucial due to the potential impact on glycemic control.