What is the main function of simple cuboidal epithelium?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Simple cuboidal epithelium, a single layer of cube-shaped cells, mainly functions in secretion and absorption, as in kidney tubules (reabsorbing water) or salivary glands (secreting saliva). Protection is more stratified squamous's role (e.g., skin). Diffusion suits simple squamous (e.g., alveoli), not cuboidal's thicker structure. Filtration occurs in kidneys, but cuboidal cells' active transport/secretion is primary. Its glandular and tubular roles, per epithelial classification, make 'b' correct.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Bone formation is termed osteogenesis (cell-driven bone creation) and ossification (matrix mineralization), interchangeable in anatomy e.g., intramembranous ossification forms flat bones. Osteolysis is bone breakdown. Both 'b' and 'c' are correct, reflecting developmental and remodeling processes, making 'd' the answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Twelve thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12) articulate with ribs, forming the mid-spine's curvature. Seven is cervical, five is lumbar, three is miscount. Thoracic's rib connection, per vertebral count, makes 'b' correct.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The vertebral foramen, a central hole in each vertebra, contains the spinal cord, forming the spinal canal when stacked. Vertebral arch encloses it, spinous and transverse processes are projections, not containers. Foramen's role, per vertebra structure, makes 'c' correct.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Intervertebral discs, fibrocartilage pads between vertebrae, absorb shock, cushioning spinal movement. Foramen houses the cord, spinous and transverse processes anchor muscles not shock absorbers. Discs' role, per spine function, makes 'a' correct.