What is the LNG-IUC mechanism of action?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The LNG-IUC, or levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system, works primarily by thickening the cervical mucus, which inhibits the passage of sperm through the cervix. This mechanism reduces the likelihood of fertilization occurring. Additionally, LNG-IUC also causes atrophic changes in the endometrium, which makes it less conducive for implantation of a fertilized egg, further decreasing the chance of pregnancy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Copper intrauterine devices (IUDs) have the best efficacy for prevention of pregnancy among emergency contraception options. Copper IUDs are over 99% effective when used as emergency contraception, making them more reliable than other methods like Plan B, Yuzpe, or progesterone-only EC. This high efficacy is due to the mechanism of action of copper IUDs, which prevent fertilization and implantation of the fertilized egg. Additionally, once inserted, a copper IUD can continue to provide ongoing contraception for up to 10 years, making it a long-term contraceptive option as well.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The important information provided regarding male sterilization (vasectomy) is that the individual will need to return to the office to check for sperm in their ejaculate after the procedure. This is essential to ensure that the vasectomy was successful in achieving sterility. It typically takes a few months and a certain number of ejaculations for all remaining sperm to be cleared from the reproductive tract, so a follow-up test is necessary to confirm sterility.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct response that shows an understanding of the education provided by the nurse is "C. 'I should call if I soak a pad in 2 hours.'” This response indicates that the person has understood a key post-procedure instruction, which is to monitor for excessive bleeding. Soaking a pad in 2 hours can indicate heavy bleeding, and the person needs to contact their healthcare provider immediately in such a situation. This understanding is crucial for the safety and well-being of the individual after the procedure. Options A, B, and D do not directly address the specific post-procedure instruction related to monitoring bleeding, which is an essential aspect of the education provided by the nurse in this context.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) spontaneous abortion. Spontaneous abortion, also known as miscarriage, is the most common cause of first-trimester pregnancy loss. It occurs due to various factors such as genetic abnormalities, hormonal imbalances, maternal health conditions, or uterine abnormalities. Option A) Ectopic pregnancy is not the most common cause of first-trimester loss; it refers to a pregnancy where the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, often in the fallopian tube. Option C) Cervical insufficiency typically presents as painless cervical dilation leading to second-trimester losses, rather than the most common cause of first-trimester loss. Option D) Stillbirth is the term used when a baby dies in utero after 20 weeks of gestation, which is not applicable to an 8-week gestational loss. Understanding the common causes of pregnancy loss is crucial for nurses caring for women's health. It enables them to provide appropriate support, education, and counseling to patients experiencing such heartbreaking events. Recognizing the most common causes also helps in early identification and management to optimize outcomes for future pregnancies.