What is the likely reason that a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) would succumb to pneumonia while a healthy person exposed to the same infection did not?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) The client with AIDS is a susceptible host. This is because individuals with AIDS have a compromised immune system due to the depletion of CD4 T cells, which are crucial in fighting infections. As a result, they are more susceptible to opportunistic infections like pneumonia, which can be caused by pathogens that a healthy person's immune system would normally combat effectively. Option B) The client with AIDS has greater immune defenses is incorrect because, in reality, individuals with AIDS have weakened immune defenses, not greater ones. This is a key characteristic of AIDS - the immune system is compromised, making the individual more vulnerable to infections. Option C) The client with AIDS was not as careful is incorrect and not relevant to the immune response and susceptibility to pneumonia. Carefulness or behavior is not a determining factor in the susceptibility of individuals with AIDS to infections like pneumonia. Option D) The client with AIDS has more portals of entry is incorrect because the number of portals of entry does not directly correlate with susceptibility to pneumonia. The primary factor at play in this scenario is the compromised immune system of the individual with AIDS. In an educational context, understanding why individuals with AIDS are more susceptible to certain infections is crucial in providing appropriate care and support for this population. It highlights the importance of infection control measures, vaccination, and early detection of infections in individuals with compromised immune systems. This knowledge is essential for healthcare professionals working with HIV/AIDS patients to ensure the best possible outcomes for their clients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Shearing injury. When a client is positioned in High-Fowler's position, the skin layers may shift in opposite directions due to gravity and friction. This can lead to shearing forces, where the skin is pulled in different directions, causing damage to the underlying tissues. Shearing injuries are common in individuals who are immobile or have limited mobility, as their skin is more prone to damage from these forces. Option A, Traumatic injury, is incorrect as it does not specifically relate to the shifting of skin layers in opposite directions while in a seated position. Option B, Pressure injury, is also incorrect as it refers to damage caused by pressure on a specific area of the body, not the shearing forces experienced in High-Fowler's position. Option C, Friction injury, is not the most appropriate answer as it does not capture the unique mechanism of injury associated with shearing forces. In an educational context, understanding the risks associated with different positions and their impact on skin integrity is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially those working with immobile or bedridden patients. Proper positioning techniques and regular skin assessments can help prevent shearing injuries and other complications related to immobility.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is option D) "If I am re-exposed to HIV, the progression to AIDS may be faster." This statement reflects a correct understanding of the timing of progression from HIV to AIDS as it acknowledges that reinfection with HIV can accelerate the progression to AIDS. This is a crucial concept in HIV care as repeated exposure to the virus can lead to increased viral load and more rapid disease progression. Option A is incorrect because sexually transmitted infections can indeed impact the progression of HIV to AIDS through various means such as increasing inflammation and viral replication. Option B is also incorrect as diet can influence the immune system's ability to fight off infections, potentially affecting the progression of HIV to AIDS. Option C is incorrect because adherence to medication is essential in slowing down the progression of HIV to AIDS, not speeding it up. This highlights the importance of medication adherence in HIV management. Educationally, understanding the factors that can influence the progression of HIV to AIDS is crucial for individuals living with HIV and healthcare providers. Reinforcing the importance of safe sexual practices, medication adherence, and overall health maintenance can help individuals manage their condition effectively and improve their quality of life.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In providing a routine bed bath, the nurse would first cleanse the client's face for several important reasons. The face is typically the most visible and sensitive part of the body, so beginning with this area shows respect for the client's dignity and comfort. It also allows the nurse to assess the client's facial skin for any signs of irritation, infection, or other issues that may need attention. Cleansing the client's face also sets the tone for the bed bath, signaling the start of the process and helping the client to feel refreshed and rejuvenated. Additionally, washing the face before other areas helps prevent the spread of bacteria from potentially contaminated areas like the perineal region to the more sensitive facial area. Regarding why the other options are incorrect: - Cleansing the client's feet or hands first may introduce dirt or bacteria to the face, which is a more sensitive area that should be prioritized. - Cleansing the client's perineal area should be done last to minimize the risk of spreading any potential contaminants to other parts of the body, particularly the face. Educationally, this rationale underscores the importance of respecting the client's comfort and dignity, conducting a thorough assessment, and following proper hygiene protocols to ensure the client's safety and well-being during routine care procedures like bed baths.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the nurse's best response is option C) "Tell me more about that." This response is the most appropriate because it allows the mother to express her concerns and fears openly, facilitating effective communication and building a trusting relationship between the nurse and the mother. By actively listening and encouraging the mother to share her thoughts, the nurse can gain a better understanding of the mother's perspective and address her concerns in a supportive and non-judgmental manner. Option A is incorrect because it provides a directive statement without exploring the mother's concerns or offering any opportunity for discussion. This response may come off as dismissive and could potentially alienate the mother. Option B is also incorrect as it challenges the mother's beliefs rather than seeking to understand them, which could lead to defensiveness and hinder effective communication. Option D is not the best response as it shifts the focus to the nurse's personal experience rather than addressing the mother's concerns directly. This approach may minimize the mother's worries without truly acknowledging or exploring them. In an educational context, this question emphasizes the importance of active listening, empathy, and open communication in nursing practice. Nurses must create a supportive environment where patients feel comfortable expressing their concerns and fears. By using open-ended questions like the one in option C, nurses can establish rapport, gather important information, and provide individualized care that addresses the specific needs and concerns of each patient and their family.