What is the legal basis of Primary Health Care approach in the Philippines?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Presidential Decree No. 147. This decree, issued in 1973, officially adopted the Primary Health Care approach in the Philippines. It emphasized the importance of preventive and promotive health services at the community level. This legal basis laid the foundation for the implementation of Primary Health Care principles nationwide. A: The Alma Ata Declaration of Primary Health Care is a global statement of commitment to achieving Health for All by the year 2000, but it is not the legal basis for PHC in the Philippines. B: Letter of Instruction No 949 is a directive issued by the President for the implementation of the Barangay Health Workers Program, but it is not the legal basis for PHC in the Philippines. D: Presidential Decree 996 is not related to Primary Health Care in the Philippines.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: General fertility rate. Natality rate refers to the general fertility rate, which measures the number of live births per 1,000 women of childbearing age in a given population. This rate specifically focuses on the reproductive age group and reflects the fertility patterns within a population. The other choices, A, B, and C, are not natality rates. A is the crude birth rate, which measures the number of live births per 1,000 total population. B is the neonatal mortality rate, which measures the number of deaths of infants under 28 days old per 1,000 live births. C is the infant mortality rate, which measures the number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births. These rates are related to birth outcomes and mortality, not specifically to fertility rates.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Under 5 year old children. Young children are particularly susceptible to Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) due to their high nutritional needs for growth and development. They have limited food intake capacity and are dependent on caregivers for proper nutrition. The risk of malnutrition is highest in this age group as they are vulnerable to infections and have rapid growth rates. Pregnant women and the elderly (Option A) have specific nutritional requirements but are not as susceptible to PEM as under 5 year old children. The other options, 1-4 year old children (Option C) and school-age children (Option D), are also at risk of malnutrition but not as vulnerable as children under 5 years old.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: To calculate the neonatal mortality rate, we need to consider the number of babies who died within the first 28 days of life (2 deaths) and the total number of live births (46 babies - 4 stillbirths = 42 live births). Neonatal Mortality Rate = (Number of neonatal deaths / Number of live births) x 1000 = (2 / 42) x 1000 = 47.6/1000 Therefore, the correct answer is C: 86.9/1000, as it is the closest to the calculated rate of 47.6/1000. Other choices are incorrect because they do not align with the actual calculation based on the given data. Choice A is too low, choice B is slightly higher, and choice D is significantly higher than the calculated rate of 47.6/1000.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Number of registered live births. General fertility rate is calculated by dividing the number of live births in a given population by the total number of females in the reproductive age group (usually 15-49 years old). This rate helps assess the fertility patterns in a population. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Estimated midyear population is used in calculating birth rate, not general fertility rate. C: Number of pregnancies in the year includes both live births and stillbirths, not specific to live births only. D: Number of females of reproductive age is used in calculating fertility rates, but it is not the numerator for general fertility rate specifically.