What is the initial technique used when examining a client's abdomen?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: When examining a client's abdomen, the initial technique used is inspection. Inspection involves visually assessing the abdomen for any abnormalities, such as distention, scars, or rashes. This step allows the healthcare provider to gather valuable information before proceeding to other examination techniques like palpation, auscultation, and percussion.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Auscultation involves listening to internal sounds in the body, such as heart and lung sounds. The instrument used for auscultation is a stethoscope, which allows healthcare providers to listen to these sounds. Percussion hammer is used to elicit sounds on the body, audiometer is used to measure hearing ability, and sphygmomanometer is used to measure blood pressure.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Resonance refers to the quality of sound produced by vibrations that are reinforced by other vibrations of the same frequency. In the context of the human body, resonance is often associated with sounds produced by air-filled structures like the lungs, vocal cords, and resonating cavities. Therefore, the best description of resonance from the given options is 'Sounds created by air-filled lungs.' This choice aligns with the concept of resonance as it relates to sound production in the human body.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The knee-chest position is the most optimal position for examining the rectum. In this position, the patient kneels on the examination table with their chest resting on it, creating a straight line from the head to the lower back. This position allows for easier access and visualization of the rectal area, making it the preferred choice for rectal examinations.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Gait is the correct answer because it specifically describes the pattern of movement of the limbs during locomotion, particularly walking or running. It encompasses the rhythm, speed, and coordination of steps, as well as the biomechanics involved in maintaining balance and propulsion. Gait analysis is a critical component in fields like physical therapy, orthopedics, and neurology to assess normal and pathological movement patterns. The term is precise and universally recognized in medical and anatomical contexts to describe the way a person walks. Range of motion (B) is incorrect because it refers to the extent of movement a joint can achieve, such as bending or rotating, rather than describing the act of walking itself. While range of motion is important for mobility, it is a measure of joint flexibility and not synonymous with gait. For example, a person with limited hip range of motion may have an altered gait, but the two terms are distinct concepts. Flexion and extension (C) are incorrect as they describe specific types of joint movements rather than the overall manner of walking. Flexion refers to decreasing the angle between two bones (e.g., bending the knee), while extension refers to increasing that angle (e.g., straightening the knee). Although these movements contribute to walking, they are individual components of locomotion and do not encapsulate the coordinated sequence of steps that define gait. Hopping (D) is incorrect because it is a specific type of locomotion involving a single-leg takeoff and landing, which is fundamentally different from walking. Walking requires alternating steps between both legs with at least one foot always in contact with the ground, whereas hopping is a unilateral, ballistic movement. While hopping is a form of movement, it does not describe the general manner of walking, making it an unsuitable answer for this question. The distinction between these terms is crucial for understanding human movement. Gait is the overarching concept that integrates multiple biomechanical elements, while the other choices represent narrower or unrelated aspects of motion. Mastery of these definitions ensures clarity in medical, athletic, and rehabilitative contexts where precise terminology is essential.