What is the incubation period?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the incubation period is the time between exposure to a pathogen and the onset of symptoms. This period allows the pathogen to multiply and establish an infection before symptoms appear. Choice A is incorrect because it refers to the survival of spores, not the time before symptoms develop. Choice B is incorrect as it relates to the contamination of a surface, not the time before symptoms appear. Choice C is incorrect because the incubation period is not related to vaccine immunity but rather the development of symptoms after exposure to a pathogen.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C (Bedpan and urinal) because the lower shelf of a bedside stand is typically used for easily accessible items that are used for personal hygiene and comfort, such as bedpans and urinals. These items need to be within reach for patients who may have mobility issues. Choice A (Water pitcher and cup) is usually placed on the upper surface for hydration needs. Choice B (Linen and towel) are typically stored in a linen closet or on a separate shelf. Choice D (Emesis basin and toothbrush) are usually kept within closer reach to the patient for immediate use, not on the lower shelf of a bedside stand.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Apnea. Apnea refers to the absence of breathing. Dyspnea (A) is difficulty breathing, eupnea (C) is normal breathing, and orthopnea (D) is difficulty breathing when lying flat. Apnea specifically indicates the complete cessation of breathing, making it the correct choice in this context.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increases urine formation. Diuretics work by increasing urine production in the kidneys, leading to the removal of excess fluid and salts from the body. This helps to reduce blood pressure and treat conditions like edema and heart failure. Choice B is incorrect because diuretics actually increase urine output. Choice C is incorrect as diuretics can lead to potassium depletion rather than an increase. Choice D is incorrect because diuretics reduce fluid volume in the body by increasing urine formation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because creating a sign to hang near the bed to alert all staff is crucial to ensure proper handling of the 24-hour urine specimen. This helps prevent accidental disposal of the collected urine and ensures that all staff members are aware of the ongoing collection process. A: Using a specimen kit to collect the urine is important, but creating a sign is more crucial for staff awareness. B: Cleaning the perineal area before collecting the specimen is not directly related to the task of ensuring proper handling of the 24-hour urine specimen. C: Using strainers to filter all urine from the resident is not necessary for collecting a 24-hour urine specimen and may not be practical in this context.