What is the impact of increasing the cutoff point

Question 1 of 5

What is the impact of increasing the cutoff point of a diagnostic test on sensitivity and specificity?

A. Increases both sensitivity and specificity B. Decreases both sensitivity and specificity C. Increases sensitivity and decreases specificity D. Decreases sensitivity and increases specificity

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Raising the cutoff (D) makes the test stricter, increasing specificity (fewer false positives) but decreasing sensitivity (more false negatives). A, B, and C defy trade-off.

Question 2 of 5

Which measure is used to estimate the risk of developing a disease in a population over a specific period?

A. Prevalence B. Incidence rate C. Mortality rate D. Case fatality rate

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Incidence rate (B) estimates risk of new cases (e.g., 5/1000/year). A is burden, C is deaths, D is severity.

Question 3 of 5

In country A there are 35 new cases of breast cancer per 100,000 adult women per year, in country B the number is 90 per 100,000. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?

A. Women in country A have a much higher rate of nursing their infants B. Women in country A are less likely to smoke cigarettes C. Women in country A receive more frequent preventive care, such as mammography D. Treatment is much more successful in country A

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Incidence reflects detection; mammography increases reported cases, likely higher in B. A and E affect risk but not detection as directly. B isn’t a major factor. D affects mortality, not incidence.

Question 4 of 5

A major complication of transfusion of blood and blood products has been the development of posttransfusion hepatitis. Research indicates that

A. most cases of posttransfusion hepatitis are due to infection with hepatitis B virus B. the risk of posttransfusion hepatitis is highest following transfusions of albumin or immune globulin C. about 5 to 10 percent of patients who received blood or blood products developed posttransfusion hepatitis D. no screening test is available to detect blood that may transmit hepatitis C virus

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Historically, 5-10% risk was accurate pre-screening; now lower with HCV/HBV testing. A is false (HCV dominates). B is false (lowest risk). D is outdated. E is false (symptoms vary).

Question 5 of 5

All the following statements about blindness are true EXCEPT

A. cataracts cause between one-third and one-half of the cases of blindness in the third world B. glaucoma is the most important cause of blindness among blacks in the U.S. C. persons with severe myopia are at an increased risk of retinal detachment D. trachoma is the most common cause of retinal detachment worldwide

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Trachoma causes corneal blindness, not retinal detachment.

What is the impact of increasing the cutoff point of a diagnostic test on sensitivity and specificity?

Nurselytic

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