ATI RN
Gastrointestinal NCLEX RN Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is the function of the villi in the small intestine?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The function of villi in the small intestine is to absorb nutrients from digested food. Villi increase the surface area for absorption, allowing nutrients to be absorbed efficiently. This process is essential for nutrient uptake and proper functioning of the body. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because villi do not secrete enzymes, transport water, or produce bile. Enzymes are secreted by the pancreas and other organs, water is primarily absorbed in the large intestine, and bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) about ways to manage his condition. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Wait to go to bed for 1 hr after eating. This instruction helps prevent acid reflux by allowing time for digestion, reducing the likelihood of stomach contents flowing back up the esophagus while lying down. Sleeping on the left side (A) may also be helpful to reduce reflux, but it is not as effective as the correct answer. Drinking milk (B) can temporarily alleviate symptoms but may not address the underlying issue. Eating four small meals each day (C) can help manage GERD by preventing overeating, but the timing of meals in relation to bedtime is crucial for symptom management.
Question 3 of 5
Your patient is complaining of abdominal pain during assessment. What is your priority?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Auscultate to determine changes in bowel sounds. This is the priority because changes in bowel sounds can indicate various conditions like obstruction or peritonitis. It helps in assessing the function of the gastrointestinal tract. Observing the contour of the abdomen (B) and palpating for a mass (C) are important but come after auscultation. Percussing the abdomen (D) is not the priority in this scenario as it does not provide immediate information on the cause of abdominal pain.
Question 4 of 5
The epithelium of the mouth, oropharynx, esophagus and anal canal is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: stratified squamous. The epithelium of the mouth, oropharynx, esophagus, and anal canal is stratified squamous because these areas are subject to mechanical stress and friction. Stratified squamous epithelium provides protection against abrasion and wear. Simple squamous (A) is found in areas involved in filtration like the kidneys. Simple columnar (C) is found in the intestines for absorption. Pseudostratified columnar (D) is typically found in the respiratory tract to help with mucus production and movement.
Question 5 of 5
The oral cavity and oropharynx are lined by ______ epithelium.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: stratified squamous epithelium. The oral cavity and oropharynx are exposed to mechanical stress and potential abrasion from food particles and pathogens, requiring a protective lining. Stratified squamous epithelium is ideal for providing protection due to its multiple layers of cells, with the outermost layer being flat and scale-like. This structure helps to resist damage and maintain integrity in areas of high wear and tear. Simple squamous (A) is too thin and delicate for this function. Simple columnar (B) is typically found in areas involved in absorption and secretion, not in protective roles. Stratified cuboidal (D) is rare in the body and not suited for the mechanical stress experienced in the oral cavity and oropharynx.