What is the first nursing action for epistaxis?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The first nursing action for epistaxis is to apply direct pressure by pinching the nostrils. Application of cold packs may decrease blood flow to the area but will not be sufficient to stop bleeding.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The patient has symptoms consistent with a pulmonary embolism (PE). Elevating the head of the bed will improve ventilation and gas exchange.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pursed-lip breathing techniques assist in prolonging the expiratory phase of respiration and decrease air trapping. There is no indication that the patient requires O2 therapy or an improved diet.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The glucose levels indicate that the patient has developed CF-related diabetes, and insulin therapy is required. Because the etiology of diabetes in CF is inadequate insulin production, oral hypoglycemic agents are not effective.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Dioxygen (O₂) and ozone (O⁴‚ƒ) are significant atmospheric allotropes, with dioxygen being the most common form.