ATI RN
Respiratory Pediatric Nursing Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is the first-line treatment for a neonate with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the management of neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), surfactant therapy is considered the first-line treatment. Surfactant is crucial for reducing surface tension in the alveoli, preventing their collapse, and improving lung compliance. Administering exogenous surfactant early in neonates with RDS has been shown to significantly improve outcomes by reducing the need for mechanical ventilation, decreasing the risk of complications such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and lowering mortality rates. The other options presented are not the first-line treatment for RDS in neonates. Inhaled nitric oxide is used in conditions like persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, not RDS. Mechanical ventilation and positive pressure ventilation are supportive measures that may be needed if the neonate's respiratory distress worsens or if surfactant therapy alone is insufficient. However, these are not the initial preferred treatments due to the potential risks associated with mechanical ventilation in neonates, such as barotrauma and volutrauma. From an educational perspective, understanding the rationale behind selecting surfactant therapy as the first-line treatment for neonatal RDS is essential for nurses caring for neonates. It underscores the importance of timely intervention to improve oxygenation and decrease the risk of complications. Educators should emphasize the evidence-based approach to managing RDS and the critical role surfactant plays in enhancing neonatal respiratory function and outcomes. This knowledge equips nurses with the necessary skills to provide safe and effective care to neonates with respiratory distress.
Question 2 of 5
By the end of which of the following would the nurse most commonly expect a child's birth weight to triple?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding growth and development milestones is crucial for providing effective care to children. The correct answer to the question is option D) 12 months. By the end of the first year of life, infants typically triple their birth weight. This rapid growth is a significant indicator of healthy development and nutritional status in infants. Option A) 4 months is incorrect because by this age, infants usually double their birth weight, not triple it. Option B) 7 months is also incorrect as it is too early for a child to triple their birth weight. Option C) 9 months is also too early for a child to triple their birth weight as it usually occurs by the end of the first year. Educationally, understanding growth patterns in pediatric patients helps nurses assess their overall health, nutritional status, and development. Monitoring weight gain is a critical aspect of pediatric care as it can indicate underlying health issues if a child is not growing as expected. By knowing these milestones, nurses can provide appropriate interventions and support to promote optimal growth and development in children.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following would the nurse need to keep in mind as a predisposing factor when formulating a teaching plan for a child with a urinary tract infection?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In pediatric nursing, it is crucial to consider predisposing factors when formulating a teaching plan for a child with a urinary tract infection (UTI). The correct answer is option A) A shorter urethra in females. This is because anatomically, females have a shorter urethra compared to males, which makes it easier for bacteria to travel up the urinary tract and cause infections. Understanding this anatomical difference is essential for nurses to educate children and their families on proper hygiene practices to prevent UTIs. Option B) Frequent emptying of the bladder is not a predisposing factor for UTIs but rather a preventive measure as it helps flush out bacteria from the urinary tract. Option C) Increased fluid intake is also a preventive measure that helps dilute urine and flush out bacteria but is not a predisposing factor. Option D) Ingestion of acidic juices is not directly related to predisposing factors for UTIs in children. Educationally, understanding the anatomical variances between males and females in terms of urethral length is essential for nurses to provide targeted and effective teaching to prevent UTIs in children. By knowing this predisposing factor, nurses can tailor their education to focus on proper hygiene practices, adequate hydration, and other preventive measures specific to the child's anatomy.
Question 4 of 5
When providing postoperative care for the child with a cleft palate, the nurse should position the child in which of the following positions?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the postoperative care of a child with a cleft palate, positioning is crucial to prevent complications and promote healing. The correct answer is B) Prone position. Placing the child in a prone position helps to prevent trauma or pressure on the surgical site, especially in the case of cleft palate repair where the goal is to promote proper wound healing and prevent tension on the suture line. Option A) Supine position is not ideal because it can put pressure on the surgical site, potentially disrupting the sutures and affecting healing. Option C) In an infant seat may also exert pressure on the surgical area and is not recommended immediately postoperatively. Option D) On the side can also cause undue pressure on the surgical site and is thus not the best position for postoperative care. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind positioning in postoperative care for children with cleft palate is essential for nurses caring for these patients. Proper positioning can prevent complications, reduce discomfort, and promote optimal healing, leading to better outcomes for the child. Nurses must be knowledgeable about these specific care strategies to provide safe and effective care for pediatric patients undergoing cleft palate repair surgery.
Question 5 of 5
A term neonate is to be released from hospital at 2 days of age. The nurse performs a physical examination before discharge. Which of the following findings requires further assessment?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option C: A single crease on the palm. This finding, known as a simian crease, can be associated with certain genetic conditions such as Down syndrome. Therefore, it requires further assessment by a healthcare provider to rule out any underlying medical issues and ensure appropriate follow-up care. Option A, many creases across the palm, is a normal finding in a term neonate and does not typically require further assessment. Option B, absence of creases on the palm, is also a normal variation and not a cause for concern. Option D, two large creases across the palm, is not a recognized abnormality that would warrant immediate further assessment. Educationally, understanding the significance of physical examination findings in neonates is crucial for pediatric nursing practice. Recognizing variations from normal can help identify potential health concerns early and ensure appropriate interventions are implemented promptly. It is essential for nurses to be adept at performing thorough assessments and knowing when to escalate concerns for further evaluation by a healthcare provider.