What is the final stage of labour?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The final stage of labor is the delivery of the placenta. This occurs after the baby is born. The placenta is essential for providing nutrients and oxygen to the baby during pregnancy, but once the baby is born, it needs to be expelled from the mother's body. This process is crucial to prevent postpartum complications. A: Dilation of the cervix occurs in the first stage of labor. B: Delivery of the infant happens in the second stage of labor. C: Contraction of the uterus is a continuous process throughout labor but does not signify the final stage. In summary, the correct answer is D because it represents the final step in the labor process, while the other options pertain to earlier stages of labor.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the pulsation of the uterine artery can indeed be palpated at the posterior fornix of the vagina. This is an important anatomical landmark used in gynecological examinations. A: The ovarian vessels are located in the suspensory ligament of the ovary, not the ovarian ligament. B: The normal position of the uterus is anteverted and anteflexed. C: The Pouch of Douglas is a potential space between the uterus and rectum, not a structure that physically separates them.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pyosalpinx. Salpingitis is inflammation of the fallopian tubes, which can lead to the accumulation of pus within the tube, known as pyosalpinx. This is a common complication of salpingitis due to the infection causing the tubes to become blocked and filled with pus. Peritonitis (B) is inflammation of the peritoneum, not directly related to salpingitis. Endometriosis (C) is a separate condition where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus. Infertility (D) can be a complication of salpingitis, but pyosalpinx is a more direct and immediate consequence.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: cryptorchidism. This is because cryptorchidism specifically refers to the failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum. It is a common condition in newborns and can lead to complications if not treated. A: Inguinal hernia is the protrusion of abdominal contents through the inguinal canal, not related to testes descent. B: Strangulated hernia occurs when the blood supply to the herniated tissue is cut off, not related to testes descent. C: Vaginal process is a structure involved in testicular descent but does not describe the failure of testes descent itself. Summary: Cryptorchidism is the correct term for undescended testes, while the other options are unrelated conditions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The process of capacitation occurs in the female reproductive tract, specifically in the vagina. Capacitation is essential for sperm to fertilize an egg, where they undergo changes in the female reproductive tract to become more motile and capable of penetrating the egg. The vagina provides the ideal environment for capacitation to take place due to its specific pH, temperature, and components present in the cervical mucus. The other choices (B: testis, C: prostate, D: epididymis) are incorrect as capacitation is a process that occurs in the female reproductive tract, not in the male reproductive organs.