What is the expected moisture and texture of the skin of a patient with hypothyroidism?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, dry and rough. In hypothyroidism, there is a decrease in thyroid hormone production, leading to reduced metabolic activity. This results in decreased oil and sweat gland function, leading to dry skin. Additionally, the reduced metabolic rate can cause a buildup of dead skin cells, contributing to rough texture. Choices A and B are incorrect because moisture levels are decreased in hypothyroidism. Choice C is incorrect as dryness is a key characteristic of hypothyroidism, and smooth skin is less likely due to the rough texture caused by decreased cell turnover.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cozen's test. This test is used to assess for lateral epicondylitis by asking the patient to make a fist, pronate the forearm, radially deviate the wrist, and extend the elbow against resistance. Pain over the lateral epicondyle indicates a positive test. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Empty can test is used to assess for supraspinatus tendon injury. B: Valgus stress test is used to assess for medial collateral ligament injury of the elbow. C: Elbow flexion test is not a specific test for lateral epicondylitis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Outside the synovial cavity but within the fibrous joint capsule. The cruciate ligaments of the knee are located within the joint capsule, which is a fibrous structure surrounding the knee joint. They are positioned outside the synovial cavity, which is the space within the joint capsule that contains synovial fluid. This location allows the cruciate ligaments to provide stability to the knee joint without being directly exposed to the synovial fluid. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the specific location of the cruciate ligaments within the knee joint.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Elbow. Pediatric patients commonly dislocate their elbows due to falls on outstretched hands. The elbow joint is inherently unstable in children due to the immature musculature and ligamentous structures. This vulnerability increases the likelihood of dislocation. Shoulder dislocations are more common in adults due to trauma or overuse. Hip dislocations are rare in pediatric patients. Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint dislocations are also uncommon compared to elbow dislocations in children. Therefore, the elbow joint is the most commonly dislocated joint among pediatric patients due to its unique anatomy and susceptibility to injury.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Incentive spirometry. This device encourages patients to take deep breaths by providing visual feedback, helping prevent postoperative complications like atelectasis. A: Pulse oximeter and B: Heart rate monitor measure vital signs but do not provide visual feedback for deep inspiration. D: Mirror does not actively assist in deep breathing exercises.