What is the disorder in which sac-like pouchings develop in weakened areas of the large intestine?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Diverticulosis is the correct answer because it specifically refers to the disorder where pouches develop in the weakened areas of the large intestine. These pouches, called diverticula, can become inflamed or infected, leading to diverticulitis. Malabsorption (A) is the improper absorption of nutrients, not related to pouching in the large intestine. Lactose intolerance (B) is the inability to digest lactose due to deficiency of lactase enzyme, not related to pouching. Peristalsis (C) is the muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract, not a disorder involving pouching in the large intestine.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tinea. Tinea is a type of fungal infection that affects the skin, hair, or nails. It is caused by various species of fungi known as dermatophytes. These fungi thrive in warm and moist environments, leading to infections such as athlete's foot, ringworm, and jock itch. Warts (B) are caused by the human papillomavirus and are not fungal infections. Wheals (C) are raised, itchy areas of the skin caused by an allergic reaction and are not fungal infections. Vesicles (D) are fluid-filled blisters that can be caused by various factors such as infections, allergic reactions, or autoimmune disorders, but they are not specific to fungal infections.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Tuberculosis is a highly contagious airborne disease transmitted through respiratory droplets. 2. An AIIR is equipped with negative air pressure and specialized ventilation to prevent the spread of airborne infections. 3. Using an AIIR for tuberculosis patients helps contain the infectious particles and protect others. 4. Emphysema, Bronchitis, and Bronchiectasis are not typically transmitted through the air like tuberculosis. Summary: The correct answer is D, Tuberculosis, because it is an airborne infection requiring containment in an AIIR due to its high transmission risk. Emphysema, Bronchitis, and Bronchiectasis do not necessitate such precautions as they are not primarily spread through the air.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Some hearing loss occurs. As individuals age, the nerve cells in the inner ear can become damaged, leading to gradual hearing loss. This is a normal age-related change due to wear and tear on the auditory system. Reflexes do not speed up with age (A), taste sensitivity tends to decrease rather than intensify (B), and vision typically worsens rather than improves as people age (D). Overall, the gradual decline in hearing ability is a common and expected change in the nervous system as people get older.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C (45) because Type 2 diabetes typically develops in middle age due to factors like sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, and genetic predisposition. Onset before age 45 is less common, and occurrence after 55 is more likely to be associated with age-related factors. Choices A (25) and B (35) are too young for the typical onset of Type 2 diabetes, while choice D (55) is less accurate as diabetes can develop before this age.