What is the disorder in which sac-like pouchings develop in weakened areas of the large intestine?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Diverticulosis. Diverticulosis is a condition where sac-like pouches form in weakened areas of the large intestine. This happens due to increased pressure in the colon, causing the inner lining to bulge out through weak spots. Malabsorption (A) refers to the body's inability to absorb nutrients properly, lactose intolerance (B) is the inability to digest lactose, and peristalsis (C) is the contraction and relaxation of muscles that propel food through the digestive tract. None of these conditions involve the formation of pouches in the large intestine like diverticulosis does.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tinea. Tinea is a type of fungal infection that affects the skin, hair, or nails. Fungal infections are caused by dermatophytes, which are a group of fungi that thrive on keratin. Tinea can manifest as ringworm, athlete's foot, or jock itch. Warts (B) are caused by the human papillomavirus, wheals (C) are raised, itchy welts caused by an allergic reaction, and vesicles (D) are fluid-filled lesions seen in conditions like herpes simplex virus infection. Tinea is the only option directly related to fungal infections.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Tuberculosis. An AIIR is necessary for tuberculosis patients to prevent the spread of the infectious agent in the air. Tuberculosis is a highly contagious airborne disease transmitted through respiratory droplets. Emphysema, bronchitis, and bronchiectasis are not typically transmitted through the air and do not require isolation in an AIIR.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Some hearing loss occurs. As individuals age, it is common for the sensory cells in the inner ear to deteriorate, leading to gradual hearing loss. This is considered a normal age-related change due to natural wear and tear on the auditory system. Reflexes speeding up (choice A) is not a typical age-related change as reflexes tend to slow down with aging. The sense of taste intensifying (choice B) is not a normal age-related change; in fact, taste buds may decrease in number with age, affecting taste perception. Vision improving (choice D) is also unlikely with age as many older adults experience changes such as presbyopia and cataracts, leading to worsening vision.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C (45) because Type 2 diabetes typically develops in adults over the age of 45 due to factors like sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, and genetic predisposition. At this age, the body's ability to produce and use insulin becomes less efficient, leading to insulin resistance and high blood sugar levels. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they suggest younger ages, which are less common for the onset of Type 2 diabetes. Early onset diabetes is more likely to be Type 1 diabetes, which usually presents in childhood or adolescence.