What is the disorder called when flashbacks are a symptom?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is A) Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Flashbacks are a hallmark symptom of PTSD, where individuals re-experience past traumatic events as if they are happening in the present. This is due to the profound impact of the traumatic experience on the individual's psyche. Option B) Phobic disorder is incorrect because phobic disorders involve irrational fears of specific objects or situations, leading to avoidance behaviors, rather than flashbacks of past traumas. Option C) Anxiety disorder is a broad category that includes various conditions like generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder. While flashbacks can be distressing and lead to anxiety, the specific symptom described here is more indicative of PTSD. Option D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions). Flashbacks are not a typical symptom of OCD, making this option incorrect in the context of the question. Educationally, understanding the specific symptoms associated with different mental health disorders is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially in nursing practice. Recognizing the unique features of PTSD, such as flashbacks, can aid in accurate diagnosis, treatment, and support for patients experiencing this condition.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In clients administering carbamazepine for bipolar disorder, the most relevant risk is "Risk for infection" (Option D). This is because carbamazepine, an anticonvulsant medication commonly used in bipolar disorder, can suppress the immune system, making patients more susceptible to infections. The drug can lower white blood cell count, especially neutrophils, which are crucial in fighting infections. Therefore, monitoring for signs of infection and educating patients on the importance of infection prevention are vital. Option A, "Risk for injury," is less directly associated with carbamazepine use in bipolar disorder. While some side effects like dizziness or drowsiness may increase the risk of injury indirectly, infection risk is more pertinent. Option B, "Risk for self-directed violence," is a common concern in bipolar disorder due to mood fluctuations, but carbamazepine itself does not directly impact this risk. Option C, "Risk for imbalanced nutrition," is also a common concern in bipolar disorder due to changes in appetite or dietary habits, but it is not specifically linked to carbamazepine use. Understanding the specific risks associated with medications used in mental health conditions is crucial for nurses to provide holistic care to clients. Monitoring for potential side effects and educating patients on how to minimize these risks are essential components of nursing practice in pharmacology.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding eating disorders is essential for nurses to provide holistic care. The correct answer is D) Anorexia nervosa, which involves self-starvation leading to dangerously low body weight. This disorder is characterized by extreme fear of gaining weight, distorted body image, and restricted food intake. Option A) Binge-eating disorder involves consuming large amounts of food in a short period, but without compensatory behaviors like purging or excessive exercise. Option B) Bulimarexia is a non-existent term, likely a combination of bulimia and anorexia. Option C) Bulimia nervosa involves episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain, such as vomiting or using laxatives. Educationally, understanding these distinctions is crucial for nurses to recognize symptoms, provide appropriate care, and refer patients to mental health professionals for comprehensive treatment. Recognizing anorexia nervosa as the disorder involving self-starvation is vital in addressing the physical and psychological complexities of this condition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and medical-surgical nursing practice, the correct answer to the question is option B) Lying about weight. When weighing a client diagnosed with binge eating disorder, using random weights helps prevent the client from lying about their weight. Individuals with binge eating disorder may have a distorted body image and may be inclined to provide inaccurate information about their weight due to shame, guilt, or fear of judgment. Option A) Dehydration is not directly related to the use of random weights when weighing a client with binge eating disorder. Dehydration can be a concern in various medical conditions, but it is not specifically addressed by the use of random weights in this context. Option C) Water loading is also not directly related to the use of random weights in this scenario. Water loading refers to the intentional consumption of large amounts of water before weighing oneself to increase the recorded weight, which is different from the issue at hand in this question. Option D) Denial of weight loss does not directly align with the purpose of using random weights when weighing a client with binge eating disorder. While denial of weight loss can be a psychological aspect in some eating disorders, the primary concern in this question is to prevent the client from providing false information about their weight, which random weights can help address. Educationally, understanding the behaviors and challenges faced by individuals with binge eating disorder is crucial for healthcare providers to provide compassionate and effective care. By recognizing the potential for patients to be dishonest about their weight due to psychological factors, nurses can employ strategies like using random weights to gather more accurate data and support their patients in a non-judgmental manner.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) 7.35 to 7.45, which represents the normal range of plasma pH in the human body. Understanding normal pH values is crucial in pharmacology and medical-surgical nursing as it directly impacts drug efficacy and patient outcomes. Option B) 6.35 to 6.45 is incorrect as this pH range would indicate severe acidosis, which can be life-threatening if not corrected promptly. Option C) 7 to 8 is too broad of a range and includes values outside of the normal physiological pH range for plasma. Option D) 8.35 to 8.45 is indicative of severe alkalosis, which can also have detrimental effects on the body's physiological processes. Educationally, knowing the normal range of plasma pH is essential for nurses and healthcare providers to monitor patient health, assess acid-base balance, and administer medications effectively. Understanding pH values ensures safe patient care and optimal medication outcomes.