What is the correct way to check for a response in an injured person?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the scenario of checking for a response in an injured person, option C is the correct choice. When assessing a casualty's responsiveness, it is essential to gently shake the shoulders and ask loudly if they can hear you. This approach combines both physical stimulation and auditory input, increasing the likelihood of the casualty responding appropriately. Shaking the shoulders is a more effective method compared to shaking the arm, hand, or head as it provides a stronger stimulus and better chance of eliciting a response. Option A is incorrect as gently shaking the arm may not be enough to rouse the casualty, and asking quietly may not be heard. Option B is incorrect because shaking the hand is a less effective method to check for a response. Option D is incorrect as shaking the head can be dangerous, especially in cases of suspected head or neck injury. Educationally, it is crucial for healthcare providers, especially those learning basic nursing care, to understand the proper techniques for assessing a casualty's responsiveness. This knowledge is fundamental in determining the level of consciousness and the need for further medical intervention. By following correct protocols, healthcare professionals can ensure they provide timely and appropriate care to individuals in need.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Helps to build a therapeutic relationship and provide structure. The Calgary Cambridge consultation model is widely recognized in healthcare for its emphasis on effective communication between healthcare professionals and patients. Choosing option A as the correct answer is justified as this model indeed focuses on building a therapeutic relationship. By establishing rapport and trust, healthcare providers can create a conducive environment for open dialogue, which is essential for understanding the patient's needs and concerns. Option B is incorrect because the Calgary Cambridge model is not about integrating the medical model into the consultation; instead, it emphasizes a patient-centered approach that values the patient's perspective and experiences. Option C is incorrect as the Calgary Cambridge consultation does not aim to shorten the consultation. On the contrary, it promotes a thorough and comprehensive interaction between the healthcare provider and the patient to address all relevant aspects of care. Option D is incorrect because the model does not seek to prevent patients from sharing information. In fact, it encourages patients to express their thoughts and feelings openly to facilitate a deeper understanding of their healthcare needs. In an educational context, understanding the Calgary Cambridge consultation model is crucial for nursing students as it equips them with the necessary skills to engage effectively with patients, develop a therapeutic relationship, and provide patient-centered care. By mastering this model, students can enhance their communication abilities, improve patient outcomes, and promote a holistic approach to healthcare delivery.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Based on the principle of person-centred care, we should always give the patient what he or she explicitly requests. This statement is not correct because person-centered care is not about blindly fulfilling every patient request. While respecting patient autonomy is crucial, healthcare providers must also consider clinical judgment, feasibility, and ethical considerations when deciding on care plans. Person-centered care involves a collaborative approach where patients are actively involved in decision-making, and their preferences are balanced with the expertise of healthcare professionals. Option A is correct as person-centered care indeed emphasizes respecting an individual's need to control their own experience and destiny. Option C is correct as person-centered care is indeed founded on effective communication, building relationships, and fostering connections. Option D is correct as it highlights the importance of eliciting and incorporating the values and goals of the patient, especially for seniors with complex needs. Educationally, understanding the principles of person-centered care is essential for healthcare providers to deliver high-quality and patient-centered care. It ensures that care is tailored to individual needs, preferences, and values, ultimately leading to better health outcomes and patient satisfaction. By recognizing the nuances of person-centered care, healthcare professionals can effectively engage with patients, build trust, and create care plans that are both effective and respectful of patient autonomy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The main advantage of cutaneous stimulation in managing pain, as indicated by option C, is that it gives the client control over their pain syndrome. This is the correct answer because cutaneous stimulation techniques such as massage, heat therapy, or transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) allow patients to actively participate in their pain management. By using these methods, patients can choose when and how to apply the stimulation, providing a sense of empowerment and control over their pain experience. Option A, "Costs less," is incorrect because the cost factor is not the primary advantage of cutaneous stimulation in pain management. While it is true that some cutaneous stimulation techniques may be cost-effective, the main benefit lies in the patient's ability to regulate their pain. Option B, "Restricts movement and decreases pain," is incorrect as it does not accurately reflect the purpose of cutaneous stimulation. Cutaneous stimulation techniques are meant to enhance movement and function by alleviating pain, rather than restricting movement. Option D, "Allows the family to visit the patient at home," is also incorrect as it does not relate to the advantages of cutaneous stimulation in managing pain. While family support is important in a patient's overall care, it is not a direct benefit of cutaneous stimulation. From an educational perspective, understanding the rationale behind the correct answer reinforces the importance of patient-centered care and active involvement in pain management. Educating healthcare professionals about the benefits of empowering patients to control their pain can lead to improved patient outcomes and satisfaction. It also highlights the holistic approach to pain management, where patient preferences and autonomy are valued in the care process.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of a patient undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), the best strategy to prevent ventricular dysrhythmias is ECG synchronization. This is because ECG synchronization ensures that the shock waves are delivered during the relative refractory period of the cardiac cycle, minimizing the potential for inducing dysrhythmias. Option A, beta-adrenergic blockade, is not the best choice in this scenario because while beta-blockers can help manage certain dysrhythmias, they are not specifically tailored to prevent dysrhythmias induced by ESWL. Option C, epidural blockade to T4, is unrelated to the prevention of ventricular dysrhythmias during ESWL. Epidural blockade is primarily used for pain management and does not directly impact cardiac dysrhythmias. Option D, calcium channel blockade, is also not the most appropriate choice in this situation. While calcium channel blockers have a role in managing certain dysrhythmias, they do not target the specific mechanism of dysrhythmias induced by ESWL. In an educational context, it is crucial for healthcare providers to understand the unique considerations and strategies for preventing complications in patients undergoing specialized procedures like ESWL. Understanding the rationale behind ECG synchronization in this context can enhance patient safety and outcomes during lithotripsy procedures. This knowledge empowers nurses to provide optimal care and mitigate potential risks associated with the procedure.