ATI RN
Questions On The Urinary System Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is the common cause of ureteral avulsion during stone basketing for upper ureteric stone?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Persistent basketing despite ureteral tear causes avulsion force detaches ureter, complicating injury. No dilation risks trauma but not avulsion less severe. Holmium laser fragments stones, not primary avulsion cause tool-based. Non-dilated system increases resistance, not detachment predisposing. Persistence with tear distinguishes it, critical for this iatrogenic risk, unlike preparatory or tool-related factors.
Question 2 of 5
Tumor syndrome strongly associated with genitourinary malignancies is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC/Lynch) strongly links to GU cancers (e.g., ureter, bladder) mismatch repair defects. FAP ties to colon, not GU adenomas. Li-Fraumeni (p53) hits soft tissue, not GU-specific. MEN I (pituitary, pancreas) lacks GU focus endocrine. HNPCC's GU association distinguishes it, critical for urologic tumor risk, unlike colon, broad, or endocrine syndromes.
Question 3 of 5
All of the following are well established risk factors for testis cancer, Except
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Black race has lower testicular cancer risk whites predominate, not a factor. Cryptorchidism (undescended testis) increases risk malpositioned germ cells. Family history raises odds genetic link. Germ cell neoplasia in situ is precursor direct cause. Lower black risk distinguishes it, key to epidemiology, unlike established high-risk factors.
Question 4 of 5
A 55 years of old male presented with swelling over mid shaft of penis with occasional hematuria. On evaluation urothelial carcinoma of urethra with involvement of corpus cavernosum was found. No any lymph node involvement. The best first line treatment option for him is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Urethral urothelial carcinoma with cavernosal invasion (T3) but no nodes favors chemoradiotherapy ± surgery organ-sparing, controls local disease. Cystectomy is bladder-focused mismatch. Systemic therapy suits metastasis none here. Partial urethrectomy/penectomy lacks depth control insufficient. Chemoradiotherapy's balance distinguishes it, key to T3 urethral cancer, unlike bladder, metastatic, or limited approaches.
Question 5 of 5
Minimal change Nephrotic Syndrome is characterized by all except
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) features generalized edema, hyperlipidemia, and ascites protein loss drives hypoalbuminemia/fluid shifts. Pulmonary edema isn't typical cardiac/volume overload, not MCNS hallmark. Edema is peripheral/ascitic hypoalbuminemia-driven. Hyperlipidemia compensates protein loss classic. Ascites reflects fluid shift common. Pulmonary exclusion distinguishes MCNS, key to its presentation, unlike cardiac overlap.