ATI RN
Pharmacology and the Nursing Process 10th Edition Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 9
What is the causative agent in HIV/AIDS?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Human, T-cell lymphotrophic virus, as it is the causative agent for HIV/AIDS. This virus specifically targets and infects the body's T-cells, weakening the immune system. Trichomonas vaginalis, Treponema pallidum, and Chlamydia trachomatis are all different pathogens that do not cause HIV/AIDS. Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite that causes trichomoniasis, Treponema pallidum causes syphilis, and Chlamydia trachomatis causes chlamydia. Therefore, the correct answer is C based on the specific viral agent responsible for HIV/AIDS.
Question 2 of 9
In which of the ff circumstances should a nurse avoid using midline and mid clavicular sites for IV therapy? Choose all that apply.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To administer antineoplastic chemotherapy. This is because antineoplastic chemotherapy agents are highly irritating and toxic to the surrounding tissues. Using midline and mid clavicular sites for IV therapy in this case can increase the risk of extravasation, leading to tissue damage and potential complications. Incorrect choices: A: To administer solutions with a pH greater than 5 and less than 9 - pH of the solution does not directly affect the choice of site for IV therapy. C: To administer slow, low-volume infusions - Midline and mid clavicular sites can be appropriate for slow, low-volume infusions. D: To administer high-pressure bolus injections - While midline and mid clavicular sites may not be ideal for high-pressure bolus injections, the question specifically mentions IV therapy, not bolus injections.
Question 3 of 9
Which of the following nursing interventions will help prevent a further increase in ICP?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Elevating the head of the bed is the correct answer because it helps to promote venous drainage, reduce cerebral edema, and decrease intracranial pressure (ICP). By positioning the patient with the head elevated, gravity assists in preventing further increases in ICP. Encouraging fluids may lead to fluid overload and exacerbate cerebral edema. Providing physical therapy and frequent repositioning may increase ICP by causing unnecessary movement and potential strain on the patient's head and neck.
Question 4 of 9
What is the causative agent in HIV/AIDS?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Human, T-cell lymphotrophic virus, as it is the causative agent for HIV/AIDS. This virus specifically targets and infects the body's T-cells, weakening the immune system. Trichomonas vaginalis, Treponema pallidum, and Chlamydia trachomatis are all different pathogens that do not cause HIV/AIDS. Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite that causes trichomoniasis, Treponema pallidum causes syphilis, and Chlamydia trachomatis causes chlamydia. Therefore, the correct answer is C based on the specific viral agent responsible for HIV/AIDS.
Question 5 of 9
A patient was diagnosed with hiatal hernia. She frequently has regurgitation and a sour taste on his mouth especially after eating large meals. Which action by the client shows understanding of her treatment regimen?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: avoid caffeine, alcohol, and chocolate. This helps to reduce acid reflux symptoms associated with hiatal hernia. Caffeine, alcohol, and chocolate can relax the lower esophageal sphincter, leading to increased reflux. Elevating legs (choice A) does not address the underlying issue. Drinking more fluids (choice B) can exacerbate symptoms by increasing stomach volume. Increasing roughage (choice C) may worsen symptoms due to increased gastric distension. By avoiding triggers like caffeine, alcohol, and chocolate, the client can effectively manage her symptoms.
Question 6 of 9
Bacterial meningitis alters intracranial physiology, causing:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Bacterial meningitis alters intracranial physiology by causing cerebral edema, raised intracranial pressure, and increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Cerebral edema is the accumulation of fluid in the brain tissue, leading to increased pressure. Raised intracranial pressure occurs due to the inflammation and swelling caused by the infection. Increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier allows substances to pass through that would normally be blocked, contributing to the inflammatory response. Therefore, all of these changes are interconnected and commonly observed in bacterial meningitis cases. Choices A, B, and C individually describe specific alterations seen in bacterial meningitis but do not encompass the full spectrum of changes that occur, making them incorrect options.
Question 7 of 9
An adult is to receive narcotic analgesics via patient controlled analgesia. The nurse is evaluating client’s understanding of the procedure. Which of the following statements by the client indicates that she understand PCA?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "I will press the button whenever I feel pain." This answer demonstrates understanding of how patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) works, where the client self-administers medication when needed for pain relief. Option A is incorrect as the machine is programmed with lockout intervals to prevent overdosing. Option C is incorrect as the client should only press the button when experiencing pain, not on a fixed schedule. Option D is incorrect as PCA does not guarantee complete pain elimination. The key in PCA is empowering the client to self-administer medication based on their pain level.
Question 8 of 9
Nutritional considerations as part of the nursing care plan would include all of the following except that:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B: Calcium should be avoided Rationale: 1. Calcium is an essential mineral for bone health, especially important for individuals with limited mobility like Richard. 2. Avoiding calcium can lead to bone weakening and increase the risk of fractures. 3. Nursing care plans should include adequate calcium intake to support bone health. 4. Therefore, avoiding calcium is not a recommended nutritional consideration. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A: The diet should be semisolid to facilitate the passage of food - This is important for individuals with swallowing difficulties. C: The patient should be sitting in an upright position during feeding - This aids in proper digestion and reduces the risk of aspiration. D: Thick fluids should be encouraged to provide additional calories - Thick fluids may increase the risk of aspiration in patients with neurological conditions.
Question 9 of 9
A patient returns from surgery ff. a TURP with a three-way Foley catheter and continuous bladder irrigation. Postoperative orders include Meperidine (Demerol) 75 mg IM q3h as needed for pain, belladonna and opium (B&O) suppository q4h as needed, and strict I&O. the patient complains of painful bladder spasms, and the nurse observes blood-tinged urine on the sheets. Which action should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take is to notify the physician stat (choice D). Firstly, the patient presents with painful bladder spasms and blood-tinged urine, indicating a potential complication post-TURP. This warrants immediate medical attention to assess for possible bladder injury or hemorrhage. Giving Demerol (choice A) or B&O suppository (choice B) may provide symptomatic relief but does not address the underlying issue. Warming the irrigation solution (choice C) is not a priority in this situation and does not address the potential serious complications. Notifying the physician immediately allows for prompt evaluation and appropriate intervention to address the patient's condition effectively.