ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Practice Exam B Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is the category status for the drug Omeprazole?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Omeprazole is classified as an anti-ulcer agent. It belongs to a class of medications known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) that work by reducing the amount of acid produced in the stomach. Omeprazole is commonly used to treat conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. It is not a laxative, anti-heartburn medication, or antianemic drug.
Question 2 of 5
A drug that has both affinity and intrinsic activity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A drug that has both affinity and intrinsic activity is known as a partial agonist. Affinity refers to the drug's ability to bind to a receptor, while intrinsic activity is the drug's ability to activate the receptor and produce a response. A partial agonist binds to the receptor with affinity but only activates the receptor to a partial extent compared to a full agonist. This results in a less potent response compared to a full agonist but also blocks the full agonist's effects, making it act as an antagonist in the presence of a full agonist. In summary, a drug that has both affinity and intrinsic activity is classified as a partial agonist because it binds to the receptor and activates it but to a lesser extent than a full agonist.
Question 3 of 5
The pharmacological property of aspirin comes from its ability to inhibit the synthesis of :
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aspirin exerts its pharmacological effects by inhibiting the synthesis of eicosanoids. Eicosanoids are signaling molecules that play a key role in inflammation, pain, and fever. Specifically, aspirin inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), which is crucial for the production of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid. By blocking COX, aspirin reduces the formation of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins, ultimately leading to its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects. This mechanism also accounts for aspirin's ability to inhibit platelet aggregation, which is why it is commonly used as an antithrombotic agent.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse assumes care of a patient in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). The patient had abdominal surgery and is receiving intravenous morphine sulfate for pain. The patient is asleep and has not voided since prior to surgery. The nurse assesses a respiratory rate of 10 breaths per minute and notes hypoactive bowel sounds. The nurse will contact the surgeon primarily to report which condition?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most critical condition that the nurse should report to the surgeon in this scenario is respiratory depression. Respiratory depression is a potential side effect of opioid medications such as morphine sulfate. It is characterized by a decreased respiratory rate, which in this case, is 10 breaths per minute, indicating inadequate ventilation. Respiratory depression can lead to hypoxia and respiratory arrest if not promptly addressed. The nurse should prioritize notifying the surgeon to ensure immediate intervention and appropriate monitoring to prevent further complications for the patient. While the other conditions (paralytic ileus, somnolence, and urinary retention) are also relevant to the patient's care, respiratory depression poses the most immediate threat to the patient's safety and requires urgent attention.
Question 5 of 5
Which action is most important for the nurse to teach a patient who is taking tositumomab?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tositumomab is a radioactive monoclonal antibody used in cancer treatment. Patients should be advised to use a separate bathroom and sit while urinating to minimize radiation exposure to others and themselves. This precaution is necessary because the drug is excreted in urine, which remains radioactive for a period after treatment. Avoiding alcohol or smoking is not specifically related to tositumomab therapy. Taking the drug on an empty stomach is not applicable, as it is administered intravenously.