What is the category class of Valproate?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Valproate belongs to the category class of anticonvulsants, which are medications primarily used to treat seizures and epilepsy. Valproate is also used as a treatment for vascular headaches, such as migraines. It is not categorized as an anticoagulant, antianxiety medication (such as benzodiazepines), or a mood stabilizer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: For first-order kinetics, the rate of elimination is directly proportional to plasma drug concentration, ensuring constant percentage clearance over time.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The nurse monitors the aPTT to check the effectiveness of heparin therapy in preventing and treating blood clots. Heparin acts by inhibiting the clotting cascade, specifically by enhancing the activity of antithrombin III, which inactivates clotting factors such as thrombin and factor Xa. The aPTT measures the intrinsic pathway of the clotting cascade, which is affected by heparin therapy. By monitoring the patient's aPTT levels, the nurse can ensure that the patient is within the therapeutic range for heparin therapy to be effective in preventing further clot formation. Monitoring bleeding times, PT/INR, or vitamin K levels is not typically done to assess heparin therapy effectiveness.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Omeprazole is classified as an anti-ulcer agent. It belongs to a class of medications known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) that work by reducing the amount of acid produced in the stomach. Omeprazole is commonly used to treat conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. It is not a laxative, anti-heartburn medication, or antianemic drug.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Taking niacin with a full glass of water on an empty stomach can help reduce the risk of flushing or pruritus, which are common side effects of niacin. Additionally, starting with a low initial dose and increasing gradually as tolerated can also help minimize these side effects. Niacin can cause vasodilation, leading to flushing and itching, so taking it with water and on an empty stomach can help alleviate these symptoms.