What is the category class of Valproate?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Valproate belongs to the category class of anticonvulsants, which are medications primarily used to treat seizures and epilepsy. Valproate is also used as a treatment for vascular headaches, such as migraines. It is not categorized as an anticoagulant, antianxiety medication (such as benzodiazepines), or a mood stabilizer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication that works by inhibiting the body's ability to use vitamin K to form clotting factors. In cases of excessive anticoagulation or bleeding due to Warfarin, the antidote is vitamin K. Vitamin K helps the body produce clotting factors, thereby reversing the effects of Warfarin and promoting the blood to clot normally. Other medications like Narcan, Glucagon, and Vitamin B do not have a direct antidote effect for Warfarin toxicity.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Omeprazole is classified as an anti-ulcer agent. It belongs to a class of medications known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) that work by reducing the amount of acid produced in the stomach. Omeprazole is commonly used to treat conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. It is not a laxative, anti-heartburn medication, or antianemic drug.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Montelukast is a medication commonly used to treat asthma and allergic rhinitis. Its therapeutic effects include decreased frequency and severity of acute asthma attacks, decreased severity of allergic rhinitis, and decreased attacks of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. However, Montelukast is not associated with treating anxiety attacks. Anxiety is a mental health condition that is typically managed with appropriate therapy and medication specifically designed for anxiety disorders.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A drug that has both affinity and intrinsic activity is known as a partial agonist. Affinity refers to the drug's ability to bind to a receptor, while intrinsic activity is the drug's ability to activate the receptor and produce a response. A partial agonist binds to the receptor with affinity but only activates the receptor to a partial extent compared to a full agonist. This results in a less potent response compared to a full agonist but also blocks the full agonist's effects, making it act as an antagonist in the presence of a full agonist. In summary, a drug that has both affinity and intrinsic activity is classified as a partial agonist because it binds to the receptor and activates it but to a lesser extent than a full agonist.