ATI RN
Wongs Essentials of Pediatric Nursing 11th Edition Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 9
What is the care priority for a newborn with bladder exstrophy and a malformed pelvis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Minimizing disturbances (clustering care) helps prevent infection and allows the infant to conserve energy before surgical repair.
Question 2 of 9
For a patient receiving furosemide, the nurse evaluates the medication as being effective if which of the following effects occurs?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic commonly used to help the body get rid of excess salt and water through increased urine output. By inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the loop of Henle in the kidneys, furosemide promotes the excretion of water, sodium, chloride, and other electrolytes. Therefore, the nurse would evaluate the medication as effective if the patient experiences increased urine output, as it indicates that the furosemide is working to eliminate excess fluids from the body.
Question 3 of 9
The nurse is aware that multiple sclerosis is a progressive disease of the central nervous system characterized by:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive disease of the central nervous system characterized by all the given options: axon degeneration, sclerosed patches of the nervous system, and demyelination of the brain and spinal cord. Axon degeneration occurs due to the damage caused by the immune system attacking the myelin sheath. Sclerosed patches of the nervous system result from the formation of scar tissue in the central nervous system. Demyelination is the hallmark feature of MS, where the protective covering of nerve fibers (myelin) is damaged, leading to disrupted communication between the brain and the rest of the body. Collectively, these characteristics contribute to the clinical manifestations and progression of multiple sclerosis.
Question 4 of 9
A 52-year old female tells the nurse that she has found a painless lump in her right breast during her monthly self-examination. Which assessment finding would strongly suggest that this client's lump is cancerous?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A non-mobile mass with irregular edges is a strong indicator of a cancerous lump in the breast. Cancerous lumps often feel fixed or attached to the surrounding tissue and may have irregular shapes rather than smooth, round contours. The lack of mobility and irregular edges increase suspicion for malignancy and warrant further investigation, such as imaging studies and biopsies. It is important for this patient to follow up with a healthcare provider promptly for further evaluation and appropriate management.
Question 5 of 9
At which stage of development are children apt to believe in the reversibility of death?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Preschool-aged children commonly believe in the reversibility of death due to their cognitive development stage, where magical thinking is prevalent.
Question 6 of 9
In children diagnosed with sickle cell disease (SCD), tissue damage results from which of the following?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In children diagnosed with sickle cell disease (SCD), tissue damage results from local tissue damage with ischemia and necrosis due to obstructed circulation. Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin that causes red blood cells to assume a sickle shape. These sickle-shaped cells can adhere to blood vessel walls, leading to vaso-occlusion and impaired blood flow. This obstruction results in tissue ischemia and eventual necrosis, causing significant pain and organ damage. The chronic vaso-occlusive events in SCD are responsible for the development of acute and chronic complications seen in affected individuals, such as painful crises, stroke, and organ damage.
Question 7 of 9
A worried mother of a 4-year-old boy describes attacks of inconsolable crying and prefers to play alone. The MOST appropriate action is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Further history is needed to rule out behavioral or psychological issues.
Question 8 of 9
Neuroblastoma can be associated with paraneoplastic syndromes. All the following features are paraneoplastic EXCEPT
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Increased body coordination is not a typical feature of neuroblastoma-associated paraneoplastic syndromes.
Question 9 of 9
What type of breath sound is normally heard over the entire surface of the lungs except for the upper intrascapular area and the area beneath the manubrium?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vesicular breath sounds are normal, low-pitched sounds heard over the majority of the lung surface. They are usually soft and rustling with a longer inspiratory phase than expiratory phase. Vesicular breath sounds are produced by air moving through smaller bronchioles and alveoli. These sounds can be heard over the entire lung surface except for the upper intrascapular area and the area beneath the manubrium, where bronchovesicular breath sounds are typically heard.