What is the biological vector for African sleeping sickness?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: tsetse fly. Tsetse flies are the biological vectors for African sleeping sickness, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma brucei. Tsetse flies transmit the parasite through their bite, leading to the infection in humans. Mosquitoes (choice A), deer ticks (choice C), and sand flies (choice D) are vectors for other diseases such as malaria, Lyme disease, and leishmaniasis, respectively. Therefore, they are not associated with the transmission of African sleeping sickness.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is C: Illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriasis). This is because the patient's persistent fear of having a serious illness despite medical reassurance aligns with the key feature of excessive health-related anxiety. The patient's focus on physical symptoms and avoidance behaviors also indicate a somatic symptom-related disorder. Incorrect choices: A: Body dysmorphic disorder - This disorder involves preoccupation with perceived defects in physical appearance, not fear of having a serious illness. B: Antisocial personality disorder - This disorder is characterized by a disregard for others' rights and feelings, not health-related anxiety. D: Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia) - While depression can present with physical symptoms, the patient's primary concern is health-related anxiety rather than low mood.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriasis). This disorder involves excessive worry about having a serious illness despite medical reassurance. In this case, the patient's persistent fear of cervical cancer despite normal Pap smear results and attributing them to laboratory errors aligns with the characteristic of illness anxiety disorder. Other choices: A: Functional neurologic (conversion) disorder - This disorder involves physical symptoms without a medical explanation. The patient in the question does not exhibit physical symptoms. C: Body dysmorphic disorder - This disorder involves preoccupation with perceived defects in physical appearance. The patient's concern is not related to body image. D: Dissociative amnesia with fugue - This disorder involves memory loss with sudden travel or wandering. The patient does not display memory loss or wandering behavior in the scenario.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option B: Assess the patient's neurologic status for changes. This task requires a higher level of assessment skill and critical thinking, which is typically within the scope of practice of a registered nurse rather than an LPN/LVN. The LPN/LVN can assist with tasks that are more routine and do not require advanced assessment skills. Option A, checking the patient's skin for pressure from the device, is a task that can be safely delegated to the LPN/LVN as it involves basic assessment and monitoring of skin integrity. Option C, observing the halo insertion sites for signs of infection, requires a higher level of assessment to differentiate between normal healing and signs of infection. This task is more appropriate for a registered nurse. Option D, cleaning the halo insertion sites with hydrogen peroxide, involves a specific procedure that may require specialized training or knowledge. It is best performed by a healthcare provider with the appropriate skill set, such as a registered nurse. In an educational context, it is important to understand the principles of delegation in nursing practice. Delegation is a critical skill that ensures safe and efficient patient care delivery. Understanding the scope of practice for different healthcare team members helps in assigning tasks appropriately to optimize patient outcomes and utilize the skills of each team member effectively.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, option C, "Remind the patient to allow adequate time for meals," is the appropriate task to delegate to a nursing assistant (NA). Delegating this task to the NA is suitable as it involves providing reminders and assistance with activities of daily living, which falls within the NA's scope of practice and does not require specialized nursing knowledge or skills. Options A, B, and D involve more complex nursing assessments and interventions that require a higher level of nursing knowledge and skill. Checking for orthostatic changes in pulse and blood pressure, monitoring tremor improvement after medication, and observing for abnormal involuntary movements are tasks that require critical thinking, clinical judgment, and the ability to make appropriate decisions based on the assessment findings. These tasks are best performed by a registered nurse who has the necessary training and expertise to interpret and respond to the assessment data effectively. From an educational perspective, understanding the principles of delegation is crucial for nursing students and practicing nurses. It is essential to recognize the scope of practice for different members of the healthcare team and delegate tasks appropriately based on individual competencies and responsibilities. By delegating tasks effectively, nurses can optimize patient care outcomes, promote teamwork, and ensure safe and efficient delivery of care.