What is the best way to detect testicular cancer early?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Testicular self-examination is the best way to detect testicular cancer early. It involves checking the size, shape, and consistency of the testicles to identify any changes or abnormalities. By performing monthly self-exams, men become familiar with the normal feel and appearance of their testicles, making it easier to notice any unusual lumps or swelling that could indicate the presence of cancer. Early detection is crucial for successful treatment of testicular cancer, which is why regular self-exams are recommended, especially for men at higher risk, such as those with a family history of the disease or prior testicular cancer. Annual physician examinations and ultrasounds can also help in detecting testicular cancer, but self-exams are a simple and effective way for men to take an active role in their health and potentially detect any issues early on.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Circulatory overload is a condition where there is an excessive volume of fluid circulating in the bloodstream. Signs of circulatory overload include moist gurgling respirations, distended neck veins, dyspnea, and coughing. A weak, slow pulse would not be a typical sign of circulatory overload; in fact, it could indicate other conditions such as bradycardia or hypovolemia. Therefore, a weak, slow pulse would not likely occur as a sign of circulatory overload in this scenario.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The appropriate nursing diagnosis is Fluid volume deficit R/T uncontrolled vomiting. This diagnosis is the most specific and directly related to the issue of vomiting causing a loss of fluids, leading to a deficit in fluid volume. Uncontrolled vomiting can result in a significant loss of fluids and electrolytes, which can lead to dehydration. It is important to address the root cause of the fluid volume deficit, which in this case is the uncontrolled vomiting. The other options may not directly address the primary issue of fluid loss due to vomiting.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The appropriate nursing intervention for a 19-year-old student experiencing symptoms of respiratory alkalosis related to an anxiety attack is to have him breathe into a paper bag. Breathing into a paper bag can help increase the level of carbon dioxide in the body, which can help correct respiratory alkalosis. This technique helps to rebalance the level of carbon dioxide in the blood and alleviate the symptoms of alkalosis caused by hyperventilation during the anxiety attack. It is important to monitor the student's condition and ensure that he is using the paper bag correctly to avoid any potential risks associated with this intervention. Additionally, providing reassurance and support during this episode can also be beneficial in helping the student to manage his anxiety and respiratory alkalosis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Early symptoms of cancer of the larynx typically include persistent hoarseness or a change in the voice quality. This may be due to the tumor affecting the vocal cords. Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, can also be an early sign. As the tumor grows, it may cause obstruction or compression in the throat, leading to difficulties in swallowing. These symptoms should prompt further evaluation by a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment planning. Anemia and fatigue (Choice A) are more general symptoms that can occur in cancer patients but are not typically specific to laryngeal cancer. The presence of a noticeable lump in the neck (Choice B) may indicate swelling of lymph nodes due to cancer spread but is not an early symptom commonly associated with laryngeal cancer. Crackles and stridor (Choice C) are respiratory sounds associated with conditions affecting the airways and are less likely to be early symptoms