What is the best response by the nurse when a parent questions why their newborn needs hepatitis B vaccination?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct response, option C, is the best answer because it provides a comprehensive explanation of why the hepatitis B vaccine is essential for newborns. It highlights that hepatitis B is a life-threatening infection that can be transmitted through various means such as contact with contaminated blood and sexual contact. This response educates the parent on the seriousness of the disease and the importance of vaccinating their newborn to prevent infection. Option A is incorrect because simply stating that the vaccine is given to all babies and can be transmitted from mother to baby during pregnancy may not sufficiently convey the severity of the disease to the parent. Option B is incorrect as it focuses more on the convenience of administering the vaccine in the hospital rather than on the critical need for vaccination to prevent hepatitis B infection. Option D is incorrect as it generalizes parents' intentions without providing specific information about the risks and transmission of hepatitis B. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to be able to provide clear and evidence-based explanations to parents regarding the necessity of vaccinations for their newborns. Understanding the rationale behind vaccination recommendations can help parents make informed decisions about their child's health and well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) 2 mL. To understand why, we need to calculate the amount of penicillin G benzathine needed. The dose required is 2.4 million units, and the concentration is 1,200,000 units/mL. To find the volume needed, we divide the dose by the concentration: 2,400,000 units ÷ 1,200,000 units/mL = 2 mL. Option A) 1 mL is incorrect because the dose required is 2.4 million units, which would need 2 mL to achieve that dosage. Option C) 3 mL and Option D) 4 mL are also incorrect as they exceed the calculated volume required based on the concentration and dose specified. In an educational context, understanding medication calculations is crucial for nurses to ensure accurate administration of medications. This type of question assesses the nurse's ability to calculate dosages accurately, which is a fundamental skill in maternal and reproductive health nursing to provide safe and effective care to patients. Practice and proficiency in medication calculations are essential to prevent medication errors and promote patient safety.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Flu-like symptoms. When a client contracts herpes simplex 2 for the first time, they are likely to experience flu-like symptoms such as fever, body aches, and swollen lymph nodes. This initial outbreak is typically more severe than recurrent outbreaks and can be accompanied by painful genital sores or ulcers. Metrorrhagia (B) refers to irregular uterine bleeding between menstrual periods and is not a common symptom of herpes simplex 2. Amenorrhea (C) is the absence of menstrual periods and is also not typically associated with herpes simplex 2. Abdominal cramping (D) is not a primary symptom of initial herpes simplex 2 infection; it is more commonly seen in conditions like menstrual cramps or gastrointestinal issues. In the context of maternal and reproductive health nursing, understanding the signs and symptoms of sexually transmitted infections like herpes simplex 2 is crucial for providing appropriate care and support to clients. Educating clients on the manifestations of these infections can help in early detection, treatment, and prevention of complications. It is important for nurses to be able to differentiate between various symptoms to provide accurate assessments and interventions for clients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, option C is the most appropriate response to a woman who denies needing medical attention for gonorrhea exposure. This response acknowledges the woman's perspective while also providing important information about the asymptomatic nature of gonorrhea in women. By stating that women often report no symptoms, the healthcare provider educates the woman about the potential insidious nature of the infection, emphasizing the importance of seeking medical attention for testing and treatment. Option A is incorrect because it invalidates the woman's feelings and fails to address the medical issue at hand. Option B is also incorrect as it denies the possibility of the woman being exposed to gonorrhea, which could potentially lead to her not seeking necessary medical care. Option D, while addressing the importance of disclosing contacts, does not directly address the woman's denial of needing medical attention and may come across as confrontational. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of effective communication and patient education in maternal and reproductive health nursing. Nurses must approach sensitive topics with empathy and provide accurate information to empower patients to make informed decisions about their health. Understanding the nuances of patient responses and tailoring communication to address individual concerns is crucial in promoting positive health outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Teen women are most high risk for sexually transmitted infections (STI). This option is the most accurate because adolescent females are indeed at a higher risk of contracting STIs due to their physiological vulnerability. This statement highlights the importance of understanding the specific risks faced by different demographic groups when it comes to sexual health. Option A is incorrect as it spreads misinformation by suggesting that oral sex is completely safe from infections, which is untrue. Option C is incorrect as it promotes the misconception that using spermicide alone is an effective method of preventing STIs, neglecting the importance of barrier methods like condoms. Option D is incorrect as it perpetuates a gender stereotype about HIV transmission, which is not supported by scientific evidence. In an educational context, it is crucial to emphasize accurate information about infection control to adolescents, including the importance of using protection consistently, understanding individual risk factors, and debunking common myths surrounding STIs. By providing comprehensive and evidence-based education, we can empower adolescents to make informed decisions about their sexual health and well-being.