What is the best goal for pain control in a client with RA?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In caring for a client with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), the best goal for pain control is for the client to have pain less than 8/10 throughout the day (Option D). This goal is considered appropriate because RA is a chronic condition characterized by persistent pain and inflammation. Achieving pain levels below 8/10 can significantly improve the client's quality of life, mobility, and overall well-being. Option A, focusing on healthy meals and hydration, although important for overall health and managing RA symptoms, does not directly address the immediate goal of pain control. Option B, having pain throughout the entire day, is not a suitable goal as it does not aim for pain reduction. Option C, having pain less than 3/10 for most of the day, may be too ambitious for some clients with RA and may not be realistic or sustainable in the long term. In an educational context, understanding the importance of setting realistic and achievable goals for pain management in clients with RA is crucial. Educators should emphasize the individualized nature of pain management goals and the need to balance aspirations for pain reduction with the client's unique circumstances and limitations. By focusing on realistic and attainable goals, healthcare providers can better support clients in managing their pain effectively and improving their overall quality of life.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Perform neurovascular assessments per protocol. In the context of a post-operative client after a total hip arthroplasty, monitoring neurovascular status is crucial to assess for any signs of compromised circulation or nerve function. This intervention is a priority as it helps in early detection of complications such as compartment syndrome, deep vein thrombosis, or nerve damage, which can have serious implications if not addressed promptly. Option A) Observing client for changes in mental status, while important, is not the priority in this scenario as neurovascular compromise poses a more immediate threat to the client's physical well-being. Option B) Using aseptic technique for wound care and emptying of drains is important for infection prevention, but it is not the priority over monitoring neurovascular status. Option C) Keeping the client's heels off the bed is aimed at preventing pressure ulcers and maintaining skin integrity, which is also important but not the priority when compared to assessing neurovascular status. Educationally, this question highlights the critical thinking skills required in prioritizing nursing interventions based on the client's condition and the potential risks involved. It underscores the importance of timely and accurate assessments in post-operative care to ensure optimal patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this case, the correct answer is B) Natural passive immunity. Natural passive immunity occurs when antibodies are passed from a mother to her fetus through the placenta, providing the newborn with temporary immunity against certain diseases. This type of immunity is passive because the fetus does not produce the antibodies itself; rather, it receives them from the mother. Option A) Artificial passive immunity is incorrect because it involves the introduction of pre-formed antibodies into an individual through means such as injections of immune serum, not through natural processes like the placenta. Option C) Natural active immunity is also incorrect because it occurs when the body is exposed to a pathogen, mounts an immune response, and develops its own antibodies over time. This is different from the scenario described in the question. Option D) Artificial active immunity is the result of vaccination, where the body is exposed to a weakened or inactive form of a pathogen to stimulate the production of antibodies. This is not the same as the transfer of antibodies from mother to fetus through the placenta. Understanding the different types of immunity is crucial in the field of healthcare as it helps healthcare professionals and students comprehend how the body defends itself against pathogens and how external factors can influence immunity. In this context, knowing about natural passive immunity is particularly important for understanding how newborns are protected during the early stages of life before their immune systems fully develop.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the case of a patient with COPD receiving supplemental oxygen at 2 L/min via nasal cannula, the most appropriate positioning technique to assist with breathing is Fowler's position (Option D). Fowler's position involves sitting upright with the upper body elevated at a 45-90 degree angle. This position helps improve lung expansion, making it easier for the patient to breathe by allowing the diaphragm to move more effectively and reducing pressure on the lungs. The other options are not as suitable for a patient with COPD needing assistance with breathing. Prone position (Option A) involves lying flat on the stomach, which can limit lung expansion and make breathing more difficult. Sim's position (Option B) is a side-lying position typically used for procedures involving the rectal area and does not provide the same benefits for respiratory function. Lateral position (Option C) is lying on the side, which also does not facilitate optimal lung expansion compared to Fowler's position. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind positioning techniques for patients with respiratory conditions like COPD is crucial for healthcare providers. Fowler's position is a fundamental concept in nursing and respiratory care, as it can significantly impact a patient's breathing ability and overall comfort. By selecting the appropriate positioning technique, healthcare professionals can effectively support patients in managing their respiratory conditions and improving oxygenation levels.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of wound healing, the correct answer is A) Fistula. A fistula is an abnormal passage that connects two body cavities or a cavity and the skin. This complication can occur as a result of poorly healing wounds or surgical procedures. Option B) Hemorrhage refers to excessive bleeding, which is not related to the formation of abnormal passages between body structures. Option C) Evisceration is the protrusion of internal organs through a surgical incision or wound, not the formation of a passage between body structures. Option D) Infection is the invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, which can impede wound healing, but it does not involve the creation of abnormal passages. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for healthcare professionals involved in wound care and postoperative management. Recognizing the complications of wound healing allows for timely intervention and prevention of further issues, ultimately improving patient outcomes and reducing the risk of complications post-surgery.